Chemisorption and Physical Adsorption Roles in Cadmium Biosorption by Chlamydomonas Reinhardtii

The aim of this study was to investigate the mechanism of cadmium (Cd) adsorbed by microalgae Chlamydomonas reinhardtii (C.reinhardtii). The kinetic and adsorption isotherm of the process could be well described by mathematical models. Chemical modification experiments and Fourier transform infrared spectra indicated that carboxyl and amine groups were the important functional groups for adsorption of Cd. The maximum contribution of physical adsorption in the overall adsorption process was evaluated as 5.5%...     

微藻无机氮利用过程中的稳定氮同位素分馏

选用两种δ15N差异显著的铵态氮和硝态氮,分别设置不同浓度的铵态氮和硝态氮来处理莱茵衣藻和蛋白核小球藻,通过分析微藻的稳定氮同位素组成变化,来研究微藻利用不同浓度、不同形态无机氮过程中的稳定氮同位素分馏特征。结果显示,在未添加无机氮的条件下,微藻利用有机氮时,生长缓慢,稳定氮同位素基本上不存在分馏;在添加低浓度无机氮(≤20 mmol/L)时,微藻的生长和稳定氮同位素分馏都随着无机氮浓度的增加而增加;而添加高浓度无机氮(20 mmol/L)时,微藻的生长趋于稳定,铵态氮条件下的微藻稳定氮同位素分馏继续加大,而硝态氮条件下的微藻稳定氮同位素分馏反而减小,可能与此时微藻硝酸还原酶的活力减小有关。     

Influence of Operating Conditions on the Removal Cd Ions from Aqueous Media by Adsorption Using Chlamydomonas Reinhardtii

Chlamydomonas reinhardtii(C.reinhardtii)was used to study adsorption of cadmium(Cd)from aqueous media within various experimental conditions.Results showed that the adsorption process was very fast,with most of the adsorption occurring within30 min of contact time and the equilibrium state was reached in about 60 min.The adsorption ability of the algae increases with the increasing adsorptions sites on cells.Maximum adsorption was observed at the initial Cd concentration of 100 mg/L and pH 6.0.The adsorption was markedly inhibited in the presence of calcium and magnesium ions at 10 mM and the Cd removal efficiency was reduced by 16.54% and 14.99% respectively.This study would be a finding of note with regard to practical wastewater treatment.     

Chemisorption and Physical Adsorption Roles in Cadmium Biosorption by Chlamydomonas Reinhardtii

Abstract

The aim of this study was to investigate the mechanism of cadmium (Cd) adsorbed by microalgae Chlamydomonas reinhardtii (C.reinhardtii). The kinetic and adsorption isotherm of the process could be well described by mathematical models. Chemical modification experiments and Fourier transform infrared spectra indicated that carboxyl and amine groups were the important functional groups for adsorption of Cd. The maximum contribution of physical adsorption in the overall adsorption process was evaluated as 5.5%. These results indicated that chemisorption was the dominating mechanism of Cd biosorption by C.reinhardtii.     

Silver nanoparticles toxicity effect on photosystem II photochemistry of the green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii treated in light and dark conditions

The inhibitory effect of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) on photochemical reactions of photosynthesis was investigated using the green alga model Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. Algal cells were exposed to 1, 5, and 10?µmol?L^?1 of AgNPs under both light and dark conditions during 6?h. The rapid rise of chlorophyll a fluorescence and the fluorescence imaging system were employed to investigate the alteration of photosystem II (PSII) photochemical reactions and the associated electron transport activity. When algal cells were exposed to 5 and 10?µmol?L^?1 of AgNPs, our results showed the evidence of a structural deterioration of PSII reaction center, the alteration of the oxygen evolving complex and the inhibition of electron transport activity, which was stronger for AgNPs treatment under light exposure. Under these conditions, there was no activation of regulated photoprotective mechanisms against excess absorbed light-energy by the antenna system of the PSII complex. The highest deteriorating effect on the structural and functional integrity of PSII was observed for algal cells exposed 6?h in light condition to 10?µmol?L^?1 of AgNPs. Therefore, we provide valuable data in this study permitting to use photosynthetic-based fluorescence parameters for aquatic toxicological risk investigation of polluted water that may contain AgNP suspension.     

老化微塑料对水体中重金属铜和锌的吸附行为研究

微塑料（Microplastics,MPs）在水环境中可以作为重金属载体,对金属离子的迁移和毒性效应产生较大影响.本文开展了紫外光老化后的聚丙烯（Polypropylene,PP）和聚乙烯（Polyethylene,PE）对两种重金属离子Cu²⁺和Zn²⁺在单一和二元复合体系中的吸附行为研究.通过拟一级和拟二级动力学模型研究发现,微塑料对重金属离子的吸附过程更符合拟二级动力学过程,利用Langmuir模型和Freundlich模型对吸附等温线结果进行拟合,结果表明,在单一体系中,相同老化条件下的PP相比PE对金属离子的平衡吸附量更高,且对Cu²⁺的吸附量均大于对Zn²⁺;在二元复合体系中,由于竞争吸附作用,MPs对重金属离子的吸附量小于在单一体系中的吸附量,且MPs对重金属离子的吸附过程更符合Freundlich模型,即吸附主要以多层吸附为主.吸附热力学研究表明,老化PP和PE微塑料对Cu²⁺和Zn²⁺的吸附行为属于自发吸热过程.微塑料PP和PE吸附前后对莱茵衣藻的毒性试验结果表明,微塑料存在均对藻类的生长有抑制作用,但吸附重金属后的微塑料对藻的生长抑制率有所降低.通过藻的酶活性（包括超氧化歧化酶（SOD）,丙二醛（MDA）和过氧化氢酶（CAT））的测定结果表明,微塑料对藻造成一定的氧化损伤,而吸附重金属后的微塑料的毒性作用下降.本论文可以为环境中微塑料存在下复合污染物的竞争吸附行为和联合生态效应研究提供理论依据.     

衣藻细胞的重金属结合特性及其抗性机制

衣藻(Chlamydomonas)是隶属于绿藻门团藻目衣藻属的单细胞真核藻类。因其独特的结构与功能特性,衣藻具有高效的重金属结合能力,同时也表现出很高重金属抗性。目前利用衣藻去除工业污水中有害重金属,以及开展生物冶金等方面的研究已成为热点。文章对衣藻细胞的重金属结合特性,及其耐受重金属胁迫的抗性机制进行了深入地探讨和总结。主要内容包括:衣藻吸附重金属的动力学特征、影响吸附效率的因素、固定化衣藻对重金属的吸附与解吸附,衣藻细胞内的重金属结合因子、重金属转运蛋白等。     

^3H的辐射生物学效应的研究——氚水对莱哈衣藻细胞分裂率的影响

摘要氚(^3H)为一种重要的放射性毒素。经氚水(HTO)在细胞内和细胞外照射后，莱哈衣藻细胞分裂率k值下降。HTO剂量越高，k值越小，在一定范围内照射时间越长，处理组的k值与对照组的k值相差越大。k值的变化与辐射剂量、辐射时间有相关性。     

Characterization of arsenate transformation and identification of arsenate reductase in a green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii

Arsenic (As) is a pervasive and ubiquitous environmental toxin that has created catastrophic human health problems world-wide. Chlamydomonas reinhardtii is a unicellular green alga, which exists ubiquitously in freshwater aquatic systems. Arsenic metabolism processes of this alga through arsenate reduction and sequent store and efflux were investigated. When supplied with 10 mol/L arsenate, arsenic speciation analysis showed that arsenite concentration increased from 5.7 to 15.7 mg/kg dry weight during a 7-day period, accounting for 18%–24% of the total As in alga. When treated with different levels of arsenate (10, 20, 30, 40, 50 mol/L) for 7 days, the arsenite concentration increased with increasing external arsenate concentrations, the proportion of arsenite was up to 23%–28% of the total As in alga. In efflux experiments, both arsenate and arsenite could be found in the efflux solutions. Additionally, the efflux of arsenate was more than that of arsenite. Furthermore, two arsenate reductase genes of C. reinhardtii (CrACR2s) were cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli strain WC3110 (ΔarsC) for the first time. The abilities of both CrACR2s genes to complement the arsenatesensitive strain were examined. CrACR2.1 restored arsenate resistance at 0.8 mmol/L. However, CrACR2.2 showed much less ability to complement. The gene products were demonstrated to reduce arsenate to arsenite in vivo. In agreement with the complementation results, CrACR2.1 showed higher reduction ability than CrACR2.2, when treated with 0.4 mmol/L arsenate for 16 hr incubation.     

Alteration of photosystem II activity by atrazine on Chlamydomonas reinhardtii synchronized and asynchronized cell cycle cultures

Inhibition of photosystem II (PSII) activity by atrazine was investigated in the green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii during different states of the cell cycle. The algal cultures were maintained under continuous light or under light/dark cycle (16/8?h) to obtain homogenized cell cycle distribution. The cycle state of algal population was determined by the DNA content using flow cytometry and defined as newly divided cells before the initiation of DNA replication (G₀/G₁) and cells at the end of the replication cycle with fully duplicated DNA content (G₂/M). Under different synchronized states of the cell population, the photosynthetic activity was investigated after treatment at 10, 100, and 1000?µmol?L^?1 atrazine exposed for 24?h by using fluorescence parameters related to PSII activity measured with a plant efficiency analyzer and pulse-amplitude modulated methods. In this study, we found that the atrazine effect was different depending on cell cycle phases and the period of illumination. Algal cells under light–dark cycle showed inhibition of the PSII electron transport leading to an increase of heat energy dissipation by the PSII reaction center. Algal cells grown under continuous light was shown to be more resistant to atrazine than the cells grown under light–dark cycle.