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1.
共振光散射技术是一项在普通荧光分光光度计上进行测量的光散射技术,文章简要介绍了光散射现象,共振光散射的基本原理并作了定量基础讨论,对共振光散射技术在环境分析中的应用作了初步研究。 相似文献
2.
太湖梅梁湾水体中可见光的衰减、吸收及散射 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
对太湖梅梁湾沿岸带和敞水区的水体进行了光学特性研究。结果发现,沿岸带的水下光辐射衰减系数(Kd)值较敞水区小;400nm与500nm向上辐照度比值(Eu440/Eu550),沿岸带在1m左右最小,敞水区在0.5m左右最小;沿岸带的水面下向上辐照度与向下辐照度的比值(R)低于敞水区:440、550、670nm的后向散射与吸收的比值(b/a),在沿岸带的1m处最大,敞水区在0.5m处最大。这些结果说明,相对于敞水区而言,沿岸带的光衰减较弱,无机悬浮颗粒的含量较少,最大叶绿素a分布较深。 相似文献
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4.
利用煤气发生炉生产煤气,烧结轻烧镁,具有产品质量高,大幅度削减烟尘排放量,节约能源等优点,该项技术具有广泛的推广价值,本文较详细地介绍了辽宁省轻烧镁窑烟尘污染治理技术的典型,具有同类技术的国内先进水平. 相似文献
5.
4—氯苯甲酸钠的光催化氧化降解及其影响因素 总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8
本试验采用P-25TiO2,光催化剂,对4-氯苯甲酸钠的光催化氧化降解及污染物初始浓度,催化剂投加量和入射光强等因素的影响进行了研究,研究发现污染物初始降解速率与其初始浓度的关系遵循Langmuir-Hinshelwood模式,其中半饱和浓度常数Ks不仅是催化剂和污染物种类的函数,而且也是入射光强的函数,催化剂投加量存在一限值,当低于此限值时,污染物降解速率由于催化剂浓度的不足受到影响而下降,当高于此限值时,污染物降解速率受催化剂投加量的影响变小,在本试验4-CBA-Na浓度为0.15-0.6mmol/L时该催化剂限值浓度大约为0.4g/L,在入射光强为1-7mW/cm^2和催化剂浓度为0.4g/L下,污染物降解速率与光强成0.67次幂关系,经估算其量子效率为6.3%。 相似文献
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在分析城市光污染对驾驶安全性影响评价特点的基础上,结合相关评价指标体系,引入李克特量表法构建安全性评价量表,并基于物元理论对城市光污染对驾驶安全性影响进行评价。选择了成都市4条道路进行实例分析,得出了较为准确的城市光污染对驾驶安全性影响等级评价结果。 相似文献
8.
INTRODUCTION: Motorcycling is recognized to be a relatively risky activity. Powered two wheelers (PTW) are classified as mopeds, light, and heavy motorcycles, the first two categories being denoted light PTWs. This paper reviews the scientific literature on accident risks and traffic behavior among users of light PTWs with the aim of clarifying the current state of knowledge. METHOD: Based on a risk analytical and an anthropological perspective on motorcycling, the paper discusses the significance of cultural and social factors as important aspects of safety. More targeted and effective safety measures, for example better training programs, are needed to prevent motorcycle accidents. This means developing a deeper understanding of the rider as an individual, and the individuals within different groups and settings. Why and how motorcyclists approach the road, its function as a social arena, the varieties of goals and values, and the motorcyclists' own perceptions of the behavior that ensures their "achievements" or "successes", are some of the issues. Today, this kind of knowledge is scarce and almost entirely absent from the scientific literature. RESULTS: We conclude that the massive quantities of data on numbers of accidents, the categorization of situations, the causal explanations related to speed, gender, age, lack of concentration so forth, can only be employed as support for safety measures as long as they are linked to social and cultural factors. IMPACT ON INDUSTRY: Risk informed decision making has become an integral part of authorities' and manufacturers' implementation of safety measures. This tendency is strengthened by the fact that the responsibility of product safety rests upon the manufacturers, cf. for example EU safety regulations. Therefore it is paramount that a thorough understanding of social and cultural factors related to the PTW driving is necessary for the industry to develop targeted and efficient safety measures. 相似文献
9.
Kumar V Rani S Malik S Trivedi AK Schwabl I Helm B Gwinner E 《Die Naturwissenschaften》2007,94(8):693-696
Daytime light intensity can affect the photoperiodic regulation of the reproductive cycle in birds. The actual way by which
light intensity information is transduced is, however, unknown. We postulate that transduction of the light intensity information
is mediated by changes in the pattern of melatonin secretion. This study, therefore, investigated the effects of high and
low daytime light intensities on the daily melatonin rhythm of Afro-tropical stonechats (Saxicola torquata axillaris) in which seasonal changes in daytime light intensity act as a zeitgeber of the circannual rhythms controlling annual reproduction
and molt. Stonechats were subjected to light conditions simulated as closely as possible to native conditions near the equator.
Photoperiod was held constant at 12.25 h of light and 11.75 h of darkness per day. At intervals of 2.5 to 3.5 weeks, daytime
light intensity was changed from bright (12,000 lux at one and 2,000 lux at the other perch) to dim (1,600 lux at one and
250 lux at the other perch) and back to the original bright light. Daily plasma melatonin profiles showed that they were linked
with changes in daytime light intensity: Nighttime peak and total nocturnal levels were altered when transitions between light
conditions were made, and these changes were significant when light intensity was changed from dim to bright. We suggest that
daytime light intensity could affect seasonal timing via changes in melatonin profiles.
Professor Dr. E. Gwinner died on 07 September 2004. 相似文献
10.
Potential particulate pollution derived from UV-induced degradation of
odorous dimethyl sulfide 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
UV-induced degradation of odorous dimethyl sulfide (DMS) was carried out in a static White cell chamber with UV irradiation. The
combination of in situ Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectrometer, gas chromatograph-mass spectrometer (GC-MS), wide-range
particle spectrometer (WPS) technique, filter sampling and ion chromatographic (IC) analysis was used to monitor the gaseous and
potential particulate products. During 240 min of UV irradiation, the degradation e ciency of DMS attained 20.9%, and partially
oxidized sulfur-containing gaseous products, such as sulfur dioxide (SO2), carbonyl sulfide (OCS), dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO),
dimethyl sulfone (DMSO2) and dimethyl disulfide (DMDS) were identified by in situ FT-IR and GC-MS analysis, respectively.
Accompanying with the oxidation of DMS, suspended particles were directly detected to be formed by WPS techniques. These
particles were measured mainly in the size range of accumulation mode, and increased their count median diameter throughout
the whole removal process. IC analysis of the filter samples revealed that methanesulfonic acid (MSA), sulfuric acid (H2SO4) and
other unidentified chemicals accounted for the major non-refractory compositions of these particles. Based on products analysis and
possible intermediates formed, the degradation pathways of DMS were proposed as the combination of the O(1D)- and the OH- initiated
oxidation mechanisms. A plausible formation mechanism of the suspended particles was also analyzed. It is concluded that UV-induced
degradation of odorous DMS is potentially a source of particulate pollutants in the atmosphere. 相似文献