浅淡大阻力配水系统的技术改造

大阻力配水系统滤池由于采用穿孔钢管配水 ,而穿孔钢管容易腐蚀、结垢 ,导致孔眼堵塞 ,再若高位水箱反冲强度掌握不当 ,会使承托层和滤料冲洗混乱 ,滤池不能正常运行。针对这一问题 ,湖州市自来水公司与浙江省玉环净化厂联手 ,利用该厂滤板、滤头及有关专利新技术 ,对自来水公司的 6万t/d快速滤池进行改造 ,运行半年来 ,取得了满意的结果。     

方头柱塞冷挤镦工艺及模具设计

分析了硬铝合金方头柱塞件的冷挤镦工艺 ,设计了方头柱塞冷挤镦件图 ,计算及选用了毛坯形状及尺寸 ,验算了许可变形程度 ,选择了冷成形用的设备 ,拟制了冷挤镦工艺前的毛坯处理并设计了方头柱塞冷挤镦模具结构。     

新型射汽抽气消声器

介绍了一种自行设计的、新型的汽轮机启动抽气器排汽消声装置，并对其结构原理和设计特点进行了较详细的叙述。应用实践表明，此种消声器降噪效果明显。     

Impact analysis of drought, water excess and salinity on grass production in The Netherlands using historical and future climate data

The coupled SWAP-WOFOST model was used to study the effects of increasing salinity of groundwater, drought and water excess on grass production in The Netherlands. WOFOST simulates crop growth and SWAP simulates transport of water, solutes and heat in the vadose zone. The model was tested using several datasets from field experiments. We applied the models at regional scale where we quantified the impact of various groundwater salinity levels on grass growth and production using historical weather data (1971-2000). The salt concentrations in the subsoil were derived from the National Hydrological Instrument. The results show that salinity effects on grass production are limited. In wet years the excess rainfall will infiltrate the soil and reduce salt water seepage. In a next step we used future weather data for the year 2050, derived from 3 Global Circulation Models. From each model we used data from two CO₂ emission scenarios. As expected higher temperatures increased drought stress, however, the production reduction as a result of salt water in the root zone is limited. Salt stress mainly occurred when irrigation was applied with saline water. The increased CO₂ concentration in combination with the limited drought stress resulted in increasing simulated actual and potential yields. Overall conclusion for grassland in The Netherlands: drought stress is stronger than stress caused by water excess which on its turn is stronger than salinity stress. Future water demand for irrigation may increase by 11-19% and result in water scarcity if water supply is insufficient.     

某简易垃圾填埋场渗滤液在场底天然土层迁移模拟与长期预测

为了解我国早期建设的简易填埋堆场底部天然土层中污染物迁移状况,作者以安徽某填埋场为例,在前期现场勘查、取样和室内测试工作基础上建立了三维有限元分析模型,对宏量有机污染物COD在土层中的迁移状况进行了模拟分析.通过拟合求参获得COD在该场底土层中扩散系数、机械弥散系数和阻滞因子等运移参数的合理取值,在此基础上开展了污染物...     

粗石英砂层厚度及倾角对核废物处置库顶盖毛细屏障效应的影响

毛细屏障作为核废物处置库顶盖的工程屏障之一,已经在国内外得到了广泛应用.采用箱体实验方法,研究了非饱和稳定流条件下粗石英砂层厚度和倾角对毛细屏障效应的影响.结果表明,随着粗石英砂层厚度的增大,水分的相对绕流量增大,毛细屏障效应增强;随着粗石英砂层倾角的增大,其表面积水减少,水的横向流动能力增强,毛细屏障效应增强.     

ABR反应器的两种快速启动方法对比

ABR反应器的启动是ABR反应器能否高效稳定运行的关键,其影响因素很多。为了更好地实现ABR反应器的启动,提出了通过2种不同启动方法的对比,即1^#反应器采用好氧预挂膜的方法,2^#反应器采用低负荷启动法,得出的结论为,好氧预挂膜启动法的启动时间短,COD去除率高,出水pH稳定,颗粒状污泥生长情况较好,是一种可推广的启动方法。     

Features of fatal injuries in older cyclists in vehicle–bicycle accidents in Japan

Objective: The purpose of this study was to identify and better understand the features of fatal injuries in cyclists aged 75 years and over involved in collisions with either hood- or van-type vehicles.

Methods: This study investigated the fatal injuries of cyclists aged 75 years old and over by analyzing accident data. We focused on the body regions to which the fatal injury occurred using vehicle–bicycle accident data from the Institute for Traffic Accident Research and Data Analysis (ITARDA) in Japan. Using data from 2009 to 2013, we examined the frequency of fatally injured body region by gender, age, and actual vehicle travel speed. We investigated any significant differences in distributions of fatal injuries by body region for cyclists aged 75 years and over using chi-square tests to compare with cyclists in other age groups. We also investigated the cause of fatal head injuries, such as impact with a road surface or vehicle.

Results: The results indicated that head injuries were the most common cause of fatalities among the study group. At low vehicle travel speeds for both hood- and van-type vehicles, fatalities were most likely to be the result of head impacts against the road surface.

The percentage of fatalities following hip injuries was significantly higher for cyclists aged 75 years and over than for those aged 65–74 or 13–59 in impacts with hood-type vehicles. It was also higher for women than men in the over-75 age group in impacts with these vehicles.

Conclusions: For cyclists aged 75 years and over, wearing a helmet may be helpful to prevent head injuries in vehicle-to-cyclist accidents. It may also be helpful to introduce some safety measures to prevent hip injuries, given the higher level of fatalities following hip injury among all cyclists aged 75 and over, particularly women.     

静电除尘在烧结机头烟尘治理中的应用

通过对安钢烧结机一、二期工程中烧结机头电除尘器结构性能和运行效果对比，结合安钢实际运行情况，分析了一期工程中电除尘器的运行存在的问题，重点对电除尘器的结构特点进行阐述，以提供一种适用于烧结机头烟尘治理的电除尘技术。