Dynamics of growth and seed production in the Siberian stone pine: The level and pattern of variation in characters

A statistical analysis of interannual variation in a set of vegetative and generative characters over 13 years has been performed to characterize the growth and seed production dynamics of the Siberian stone pine (Pinus sibirica Du Tour) in the southeast of the forest zone in western Siberia. The results have shown that the range of fluctuations in most of vegetative characters is ordinary and their distribution is close to normal. The range of fluctuations in many generative characters is enormous (from 0 to +∞), and the distribution of their values is usually skewed, with low values being recorded several times more frequently than high values. Most variable are the proportion of abortive cones and other characters that are determined mainly in the spring of the pollination year. These characters account for a very high level of variation in the total seed production.     

硫酸厂淤泥中SRB的选育及特性研究

从硫酸厂废水淤泥中分离筛选出了一株 SRB,其菌体形态呈弧状或细杆状 ,成熟细胞大小 0 .4～ 0 .6× 3 .0～ 5 .0μm,摇摆式运动 ,单极生鞭毛 ,芽孢染色阴性 ,革兰氏染色阴性 ;最适生长 p H6.0～ 6,5 ;适量氧气不会影响细菌生长 ,菌体内含过氧化氢酶。本文还探讨了该类细菌的分离培养方法 ,考察了分离菌部分生理生化特征及对硫酸盐还原能力 ,优化了培养基配方 ,并初步鉴定分离菌为脱硫弧菌     

真,假草本咖啡种子的鉴别

在对草本咖啡（Ｃａｓｓｉａｓｏｐｎｅｒａｉｉｎｎ）、望江南（ＣａｓｓｉｓｏｃｃｉｄｅｎｔａｌｉｏＬ．）和决明（ＣａｓｓｉａｔｏｒａＬ．）种子的大小、颜色、形态进行了观察、研究，并对其形态特征进行了解剖学的分析后，提出了鉴别３种种子的方法。     

四川彭州铜尾矿库植被特征分析与植物群落演替初探

本文分析了四川彭州铜矿尾矿库的植被特征、群落特征与演替。在该尾矿库上自然定居的高等植物共91种，隶属38科79属，以菊科（Compositae）和禾本科（Gramineae）植物为主。形成6种相对稳定的群落类型；在2003年弃耕后形成的地段分布有史蒿＋小飞蓬群落（Artemisia argyi＋Conyza conadensis Comm．）、艾蒿＋打破碗花花群落（Artemisia argyi＋Anemone hupehensis Comm．）、艾蒿群落（Artemisia argyi Comm．）和白车轴苹群落（Trifolium repens Comm．）；在经过30～40年自然演替的地段分布有芭茅＋羊耳菊群落（Miscanthus sinensis＋Inula cappa Comm．）和羊耳菊＋千里光＋密蒙花群落（Inula cappa＋Senecio scandens＋Buddleja officinalis Comm．）；在近十年内新形成的地段现主要覆盖地衣和葫芦藓（Funaria hygrometrica）。通过对群落结构和不同地段植被特征的对比，对本铜尾矿库的演替现状和规律进行了分析，井讨论了人为影响对演替进程的影响，提出了人工恢复措施的建议。     

怀洪新河太湖新银鱼国家级水产种质资源保护区生境及渔业群落多样性研究

根据2014年6月和12月在怀洪新河太湖新银鱼国家级水产种质资源保护区现场调查数据,对保护区生境及渔业群落进行了研究。保护区主要水质指标达到Ⅲ类标准,TN为制约因素。保护区共分布有水生维管束植物24种,其中沉水植物、挺水植物、漂浮植物和浮叶植物分别占41.67%、33.33%、16.67%和8.33%。现场调查共采集到鱼、虾类37种,包括鱼类33种、虾类4种,分别隶属于8目15科35属。群落结构以淡水定居性物种及杂食性物种占优,夏季优势种为日本沼虾、红鳍原鲌和刀鲚,冬季为鲫、鲢和鳙。夏季各种网具中采集的渔获物均重变幅为0.12~114.32 g,冬季为4.07~696.70 g。保护区成鱼(虾)资源密度为20.18万尾/km2和10 440.8 kg/km2,幼鱼资源密度为534.58万尾/km2和587.8 kg/km2。冬季资源密度显著低于夏季,数量及重量密度仅分别为夏季的6.94%和30.93%。基于渔获尾数的多样性特征值为:丰富度指数(R)3.812 0,信息指数(H’)1.496 0,优势度指数(D)0.409 9,均匀度指数(E)0.124 0。克氏原螯虾在保护区内广泛分布,对其危害性应加以重视。     

煤基腐殖酸对外源砷胁迫下玉米生长及生理性状的影响简

为了筛选用于砷污染土壤治理的煤基腐殖酸,采用盆栽实验研究了施用不同种类和浓度的煤基腐殖酸及EDTA对外源砷胁迫下玉米株高、株鲜重、株干重、根干重、砷积累量、叶片抗氧化酶（POD,SOD和CAT）活性和脯氨酸含量的影响。结果表明,11种供试煤基腐殖酸均促进了玉米生长,提高了叶片POD、SOD和CAT活性。其中6和10号腐殖酸可降低土壤砷活性和显著抑制玉米吸收和积累砷,而8和9号腐殖酸增加了土壤活性砷和显著促进了玉米对砷的吸收和累积,且不同程度地强于EDTA。除8和9号外,其余腐殖酸均可明显降低玉米叶片脯氨酸的含量。EDTA可显著促进玉米吸收和积累砷,且加剧了砷对玉米的危害。因此,8和9号供试煤基腐殖酸可以替代EDTA活化土壤砷,与植物配合以提高砷污染土壤的植物修复速度和效果,而6和10号供试煤基腐殖酸则可用于土壤砷钝化剂,以保证作物产品的安全。     

QSPR prediction of chromatographic retention times of pesticides: Partition and fractal indices

The high‐performance liquid‐chromatographic retentions of red‐wine pesticide residues are modeled by structure–property relationships. The effect of different types of features is analyzed: geometric, lipophilic, etc. The properties are fractal dimensions, partition coefficient, etc., in linear and nonlinear correlation models. Biological plastic evolution is an evolutionary perspective conjugating the effect of acquired characters and relations that emerge among the principles of evolutionary indeterminacy, morphological determination and natural selection. It is applied to design the co‐ordination index that is used to characterize pesticide retentions. The parameters used to calculate the co‐ordination index are the molar formation enthalpy, molecular weight and surface area. The morphological and co‐ordination indices barely improve the correlations. The fractal dimension averaged for non?buried atoms, partition coefficient, etc. distinguishes the pesticide molecular structures. The structural and constituent classification is based on nonplanarity, and the number of cycles, and O, S, N and Cl atoms. Different behavior depends on the number of cycles.     

三维脚型测量技术及方法的研究

本文阐述了人体脚型的测量方法及特点,比较后得出人工测量与三维扫描测量技术之间的差别。以YETI三维脚型扫描仪为模型,详细分析了脚型扫描仪的结构原理,摸索并提出了简单实用的测量方法,讨论了YETI三维脚型扫描仪获得的原始数据、脚型横截面以及脚型投影图的特点。     

起重伤亡事故分析及司机行为特性研究

介绍了近年来起重伤亡事故概况，并通过对某企业历年来起重伤亡事故的分析，探讨了起重伤亡事故的原因，以及事故发生的一般规律，并对起重司机的行为特性作了研究，为起重事故预防提供了科学依据。     

Limb regeneration and subsequent asymmetry in a male secondary sexual character influences sexual selection in wolf spiders

Males of the brush-legged wolf spider Schizocosa ocreata (Hentz) have conspicuously decorated forelegs used in courtship and agonistic displays. Approximately one in five juvenile males has a missing or regenerating foreleg, and regeneration of a leg lost during development usually results in the absence of a decorative tuft on that leg. The subsequent asymmetry in this male secondary character significantly decreases success in both courtship of females and male-male agonistic interactions. Experimental removal of tufts from one leg of previously successful symmetric males produces similar results. As a test for concomitant behavioral effects, female spiders were shown video images of a courting male with symmetric tufts and the same video image altered to have asymmetric tufts. Female receptivity to the asymmetric video image was lower. In contrast to fluctuating asymmetry resulting from developmental instability, leg tuft asymmetry in S. ocreata most likely arises from a single event during ontogeny – possibly leg loss from an aggressive or predator encounter  – and may serve as a quality indicator in female mate choice. Received: 27 July 1995/ Accepted after revision: 19 November 1995