Effect of domestic sewage on growth of phytoplankton-mathematical model

A mathematical model relating to the change in phytoplankton biomass in the period of growth and nutrient concentration in the media was proposed on the basis of the Monod equation and was testified by simulation experiments. Analysis of the experiment data showed that: the half-saturation constants for growth Kp (μmol/L) for Skeletonema, Chaetoceros and Prorocentrum were 5.52, 1.90 and 0.46, respectively; the balance between stimulation of nutrients and the inhibition of some other materials was found in the effect of domestic sewage on algal growth and the stimulation played a leading role; domestic sewage was more stimulative on dinoflag-ellate than on diatom and chlorophyte when the assemblage of the algae was cultured. The experiment suggested that mathematical model reasonably explained the characteristics of phytoplankton growth in different nutrient conditions and was worthy to be further improved for eutrophication prediction in off-shore water.     

湖泊富营养化的防治对策与展望

由于工业化的发展和人类生产活动的加剧,大量有机污染物不断排入湖泊并在其中积累,致使湖泊产生了富营养化现象,已成为日益突出的环境问题.文中论述了湖泊富营养化的现状及危害,分析了产生的原因,并概括和比较了现有的国内外的防治措施,指出生态修复是治理的最佳出路.结合国内外湖泊的治理经验,并对今后的发展方向进行了展望.     

厦门同安湾水质状况评价

根据１９９５～１９９９年同安湾海域的水质监测资料，对海域的水质状况进行了评价和营养分级，结果表明，海域水质处于高Ｎ低Ｐ状态。ｐＨ、ＤＯ、ＣＯＤＭｎ、和ＢＯＳ５＊符合ＧＢ３０９７－１９９７第二类海水水质标准，但ＤＩＮ、石油类和ＤＲＰ超第二类海水水质标准。ＤＩＮ和石油类的超标率和超标倍数有逐年增强之势。该海域目前处于Ｐ中等限制潜在富营养水平阶段。     

象山港海域富营养化与赤潮的关系

根据 2 0 0 0年 5月 2 4日至 6月 7日对象山港口门附近海域由原甲藻和多甲藻引发的赤潮进行跟踪监视监测的资料 ,用相关分析的方法探究了赤潮发生时各水化要素间的关系 ,分析了象山港海域富营养化的程度、范围、形成原因及其与赤潮的关系。结果表明 ,在赤潮发生期间 ,水体中赤潮生物———原甲藻数量与溶解氧呈现明显的正相关 ,多甲藻和裸甲藻数量与无机氮呈现明显的负相关 ,可见此次赤潮是以无机氮为营养盐主要限制因子。象山港海域的有机污染、富营养化现象 ,是赤潮发生的物质基础和必要条件。     

富营养化水体治理与修复的环境生态工程——利用明矾浆和鱼类控制桥墩水库蓝藻水华

1997年和 1998年夏季桥墩水库相继发生大面积蓝藻水华 .1998年 9月 1m2 水面喷洒 38 8g改性明矾浆应急除藻 ,当年蓝藻水华基本消失 .1998年底和 1999年初 ,1hm2 水面放养尾重 2 0g左右鲢、鳙鱼种 12 0 0尾 .1999年仅局部发生蓝藻水华 ,8月份水库浮游蓝藻数量比 1998年同期下降 77 7% ,透明度提高 1 5m ;2 0 0 0和 2 0 0 1年水库不再出现蓝藻水华 ,水体表观质量明显提高 ,与 1998年 8月同期比较 ,透明度提高 2 4m ,总氮下降 6 1 1% ,总磷下降 5 9.4 % ,浮游蓝藻总量由 1998年的 10 4 35 5× 10 4个细胞 L下降至 14 3 3× 10 4个细胞 L ,蓝藻个体数量比例从 1998年的 99 2 %下降至 31 5 % .水体富营养状况从治理前的中—富营养类型恢复到中—贫营养类型 .     

宁波大榭岛邻近水域生态现状

通过对大榭岛附近海域水环境因子的调查和评价,发现该海域呈富营养化状态,无机氮、无机磷的含量已达发生赤潮临界条件,但与大榭岛开发前相比,浮游植物和浮游动物的结构组成及优势种并未发生明显变化,浮游植物和浮游动物的多样性指数H＇分别为0.97～3.00和1.98～2.75,平均值分别为2.27和2.35.     

阳宗海水质污染及其控制

由于近年Ｎ、Ｐ输入、输出失衡，大量营养盐滞留湖中，加以电厂温排水影响，阳宗海水体恶化加剧，两年出现大面积水华；且湖中鱼类结构不合理，数量偏少，导致水质变化。为此，必须取缔网箱及高密度堰塘养鱼，实施环湖截污，降低电厂排水温度，调整鱼类种群结构。     

Study of Pollution of the Plitvice Lakes by Water and Sediment Analyses

The process of eutrophication in form of intense plant growth has been observed in some lakes and water streams at the Plitvice Lakes National Park in central Croatia. Here we investigate whether this phenomenon is a consequence of anthropogenic pollution or due to naturally produced organic matter in the lakes. We applied chemical analysis of water at two springs and four lakes (nutrients, dissolved organic carbon (DOC), trace elements) and measurements of surface lake sediments (mineral and organic fraction analyses, trace elements) in four different lakes/five sites. The chemical composition of water does not indicate recent anthropogenic pollution of water because the concentrations of most trace elements are below detection limits. The concentrations of DOC and nutrients are slightly higher in the area of increased eutrophication-plant growth. Also the content of organic matter in the sediment is at the highest level in areas with highest C/N ratio indicating that the organic fraction of this sediment is mainly of terrestrial origin. There is no significant difference among the trace element concentration in the upper segment of all cores, deposited approximately during last 50 years when higher anthropogenic influence is expected due to development and touristic activity, and the lower part of the cores, corresponding to the period approximately 100–200 years before present. The content of trace elements and organic matter in sediments decreases from the uppermost lake downstream. According to our results there is no indication of recent anthropogenic pollution in water and sediment. Higher concentrations of DOC in water as well as phosphorus and some other elements in the lake sediment can be a consequence of input of natural organic matter to the lake water.     

The GaNE programme in a global perspective

This paper provides the background to this special issue, outlining the extent to which the global atmospheric nitrogen cycle has been modified by human activity and outlining the range of effects. The global total emissions of reduced and oxidized nitrogen, amount to 124 Tg N, and exceed those from natural sources (34 Tg N) by almost a factor of four showing the extent to which anthropogenic activity has taken over the global N cycle. Of the 124 Tg N, 70 Tg N is emitted in the oxidized form, largely as NO and 70% of which results directly from anthropogenic activity. The remaining 54 Tg N is emitted as NH₃, (66% anthropogenic). The enhanced nitrogen emissions are associated with a range of local, regional and global issues including, acidification, eutrophication, climate change, human health and tropospheric O₃. The paper also places the Global Nitrogen Enrichment (GaNE) research programme in the UK in a wider perspective.