Particle properties in granular activated carbon filter during drinking water treatment

The elemental composition and bacteria attached in particles were investigated during granular activated carbon (GAC) filtration.The experimental results showed that trapped influent particles could form new,larger particles on GAC surface.The sloughing of individuals off GAC surface caused an increase in effluent particles in the size range from 5 to 25 μm.The selectivity for element removal in GAC filters caused an increasing proportion of metallic elements in the effluent particles.The distribution of molar ratio indicated a complicated composition for large particles,involving organic and inorganic substances.The organic proportion accounted for 40% of total carbon attached to the particles.Compared with dissolved carbon,there was potential for the formation of trihalomethanes by organic carbon attached to particles,especially for those with size larger than 10 μm.The pure carbon energy spectrum was found only in the GAC effluent and the size distribution of carbon fines was mainly above 10 μm.The larger carbon fines provided more space for bacterial colonization and stronger protection for attached bacteria against disinfection.The residual attached bacteria after chorine disinfection was increased to 10 2-10 3 CFU/mL within 24 hours at 25°C.     

Characteristics of contaminants in water and sediment of a constructed wetland treating piggery wastewater e uent

Constructed wetland (CW) is the preferred means of controlling water quality because of its natural treatment mechanisms and function as a secondary or tertiary treatment unit. CW is increasingly applied in Korea for secondary e uent of livestock wastewater treatment. This study was conducted to recognize the characteristics of contaminants in the accumulated sediment at the bottom soil layer and to reduce the phosphorus release from sediments of the free water surface CW for the treatment of secondary piggery wastewater e uent from a livestock wastewater treatment facility. The results revealed that the dominant phosphorus existence types at near the inlet of the CW were non-apatite phosphorus (59%) and residual phosphorus (32%) suggesting that most of the particles of the influent are made up of inorganic materials and dead cells. Sediment accumulation is important when determining the long-term maintenance requirements over the lifetime of CW. Continuous monitoring will be performed for a further assessment of the CW system and design.     

钙基脱硫剂孔隙网络动态生成特性

钙基脱硫剂孔隙结构特性直接影响到脱硫效果及脱硫剂的利用率,对其空间网络特性的描述将有助于分析SO2的扩散及反应特性. 在石灰石分解动力学和烧结机理的基础上,结合固体分解的成核机理,运用Monte-Carlo 方法,建立了脱硫剂孔隙网络的动态生成模型,对钙基脱硫剂分解形成的孔隙结构进行了动态模拟,并对生成孔结构的分形特性进行研究.结果表明,运用动态生成模型,可以给出石灰石分解形成的CaO内部孔隙的微观空间结构,且模拟生成的孔隙网络的分形维数与实验测定值基本吻合.     

石油污染土壤微生物联合修复技术研究进展

微生物联合修复技术处理成本低、环境影响小、无二次污染,且较微生物修复或植物修复效率更高,耗时更短,成为当前的研究热点。文章介绍了植物-微生物联合修复、电动-微生物联合修复、氧化-微生物联合修复和表面活性剂强化微生物修复四种联合修复技术,简要阐述了修复机理、适用范围和工艺参数,为生物修复技术的选择提供了参考,并对以后生物修复的研究重点进行了展望。     

温度对多孔射气介质氡析出影响试验研究

为了研究围岩中温度对氡析出率的影响,选取某铀矿铀尾矿矿砂试样,根据相似准则设计并制作了测量多孔射气介质氡析出率的室内试验装置。采用RAD-7氡测量仪,运用等时间间隔取样方法测量氡浓度。采用对照试验的方法研究了温度对多孔射气介质氡析出率的影响规律。试验结果表明,在自然压力下,在温度为20℃到60℃范围内,随着温度的升高,多孔介质氡析出率逐渐增大,并且氡析出率与温度符合线性函数关系。     

一株稠油降解菌的筛选及其产物乳化性能研究

稠油亦称重质原油,稠油中胶质和沥青质等大分子组分含量较高.通过以稠油为唯一碳源的摇瓶发酵和稠油平板实验,从辽河油田油水样中筛选获得一株稠油降解菌AD.对菌株AD发酵所产表面活性剂的CMC值、乳化活性、稠油降黏作用等进行了测定.结果表明,菌株AD产表面活性剂对原油具有较强的乳化、降黏作用,可耐高温和高浓度盐,适用于油藏微碱性环境,稠油降黏率最高可达81.7％,与曙光油田的地层水有较好的配伍性.     

设计配置对生物滞留设施污染物去除性能的影响研究

生物滞留是一种常用的低影响开发技术,通过不同机理去除径流中的各种污染物。设施面积、消能池设置、表面覆盖物的合理设计可降低外界的不利影响;内部斜坡与多元结构可优化设施性能,介质层的改良填料和较长深度可提高污染物的去除效率;配置适宜植物可提高环境耐受能力与污染物去除效果,引入多样植物可提高设施生物多样性,有利于发挥动植物相互作用,提高设施的稳定性与整体性能。     

低渗透性多孔介质室内弥散实验及弥散度求解研究

低渗透多孔介质在浅部含隔水层中分布广泛,是地下水污染物迁移的重要载体,然而其弥散度的取值目前研究还不足。针对此问题,以溴化钠为示踪剂开展了低渗透多孔介质的室内弥散实验研究,介质渗透系数为0．048 m/d,通过离子选择电极法测定溴离子浓度,并分别采用解析法和数值法进行了弥散度的求解,解析法和数值法求得的弥散度分别为0．0048 m 与0．0065 m,研究成果可以为低渗透多孔介质中污染物迁移预测提供弥散度值参考。     

利用水表面粘附效应净化空气方法研究

常温下小直径的水珠表面水分子趋向于向空气中蒸发,而水平面则蒸发速率较低,对与其表面接触的空气中物质具有表面粘附效应。研究了水表面对空气中几种主要有害物质的粘附与沉降到水中的净化作用。建立了一个产生大面积水表面的装置,实验结果表明,该装置能够高效的将空气中的甲醛、氨气和PM2.5颗粒等有害物质攫取和沉降到水中,去除率均能达到90%以上。此净化方法不仅具有简单、成本低、空气净化效果好的特点,而且沉降到水中的有害物质容易作为废水进行无害化利用。     

氚在黏土矿物等多孔介质中的滞留机制

通过电感耦合等离子体光谱(ICP)、热重(TG)等分析方法对黏土矿物的结构成分、加热特性等进行了检测;通过蒸馏冷凝等实验,实现了对吸附后黏土矿物的吸附水、层间水、结构水的分离,检测了氚在黏土矿物结构内外各类型水中的分布;通过红外吸收光谱(IR)等分析方法对氚在黏土矿物结构中的吸附位置及形态进行了检测研究;通过同位素效应...