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北京：50万吨园林废弃物将“变废为宝” 近日,北京市园林绿化局宣布,与市科委联合开展的“园林绿化废弃物资源化再利用关键技术”项目已经取得初步成效,西城、朝阳、海淀、丰台、顺义等5家园林废弃物处理厂被正式确定为北京市绿化垃圾处理示范基地。今后,北京每年至少有50万吨园林废弃枝叶实现“变废为宝”。近年来,北京市园林绿化废弃物急剧增多,仅8个近郊区2007年就产生了167万吨园林绿化废弃物。目前,北京已经建成的5家园林废弃物处理厂,年处理能力达50万吨,     

Pollutants removal and simulation model of combined membrane process for wastewater treatment and reuse in submarine cabin for long voyage

A laboratory scale test was conducted in a combined membrane process (CMP) with a capacity of 2.91 m3/d for 240 d to treat the mixed wastewater of humidity condensate, hygiene wastewater and urine in submarine cabin during prolonged voyage. Removal performance of chemical oxygen demand (COD), ammonia nitrogen (NH4 +-N), turbidity and anionic surfactants (LAS) was investigated under di erent conditions. It was observed that the e uent COD, NH4 +-N, turbidity and LAS flocculated in ranges of 0.19–0.85 mg/L, 0.03–0.18 mg/L, 0.0–0.15 NTU and 0.0–0.05 mg/L, respectively in spite of considerable fluctuation in corresponding influent of 2120–5350 mg/L, 79.5–129.3 mg/L, 110–181.1NTU and 4.9–5.4 mg/L. The e uent quality of the CMP could meet the requirements of mechanical water and hygiene water according to the class I water quality standards in China (GB3838-2002). The removal rates of COD, NH4 +-N, turbidity and LAS removed in the MBR were more than 90%, which indicated that biodegradation is indispensable and plays a major role in the wastewater treatment and reuse. A model, built on the back propagation neural network (BPNN) theory, was developed for the simulation of CMP and produced high reliability. The average error of COD and NH4 +-N was 5.14% and 6.20%, respectively, and the root mean squared error of turbidity and LAS was 2.76% and 1.41%, respectively. The results indicated that the model well fitted the laboratory data, and was able to simulate the removal of COD, NH4 +-N, turbidity and LAS. It also suggested that the model proposed could reflect and manage the operation of CMP for the treatment of the mixed wastewaters in submarine.     

构建与完善环境法律体系进一步发展循环经济——访韩国环境资源公社北京代表处首席代表洪智善

近邻韩国经过长期不懈的努力,循环经济有了长足的发展,排放的废弃物大量减少,资源回收和再利用率已达到60％左右,生态环境优美。最近,本刊编辑专门走访了韩国环境资源公社（envico）北京代表处的首席代表洪智善,请他介绍韩国发展循环经济与资源综合利用的做法,从中吸收有益的经验,以便我国在应对国际金融危机中,加快经济结构调整,促进产业升级,推动节能减排,进一步发展循环经济。     

电子废弃物物流及责任方安全职责分析

电子废弃物回收再利用属于逆向物流。阐述了我国电子废弃物物流的特点和模式,系统分析了电子废弃物物流框架,重点阐明在电子废弃物回收再利用中各责任方的安全职责：电子产品生产者具有全面责任;消费者具有经济责任和物质责任;政府管理部门具有宏观调控和监督协调责任;物流方有微观控制和安全保管的责任。     

建筑废弃物回收再利用项目运作模式刍探

建筑废弃物处理是城市建设中的一大难题,如果实行简单填埋,不仅污染环境、造成资源浪费,而且也耗费政府大量财力。介绍了深圳市龙岗区通过创新招标方式,公开出让特许经营权,引入企业运用先进技术对建筑废弃物实行综合再利用的一些做法,同时对城市建筑废弃物回收再利用如何实现规模化和产业化发展,以及政府在推动循环经济发展方面如何将经济效益与社会效益有机结合提出了一些看法。     

Effects of land use change and water reuse options on urban water cycle

The aim of this article was to study the effects of land use change and water reuse options on an urban water cycle. A water cycle analysis was performed on the Goonja drainage basin, located in metropolitan Seoul, using the Aquacycle model. The chronological e ects of urbanization were first assessed for the land uses of the Goonja drainage basin from 1975 to 2005, where the ratio of impervious areas ranged from 43% to 84%. Progressive urbanization was identified as leading to a decrease in evapotranspiration (29%), an increase in surface runo (41%) and a decrease in groundwater recharge (74%), indicating a serious distortion of the water cycle. From a subsequent analysis of the water reuse options, such as rainwater use and wastewater reuse, it is concluded that wastewater reuse seemed to have an advantage over rainwater use for providing a consistent water supply throughout the year for a country like Korea, where the rainy season is concentrated during the summer monsoon.     

资源循环是再利用的灵魂——“3R”学习与探讨之二

再利用强调了物质层面的资源再生和循环利用,是解决原生资源匮乏和开辟新型工业道路有效的手段。不仅对于我国经济和社会可持续发展具有强大的推动作用,也对于资源国际大循环起到促进作用。再利用过程中需要在提高利用率和有效防治二次污染两方面下功夫,以实现变废为宝,降低乃至消除无价值废物的协同目标。     

论景观环境生态修复中废弃物的再利用问题

景观环境中生态修复主要是通过废弃物降低风蚀、水蚀等对土壤的二次伤害,为植被生长提供水分、空气、肥料等物质资源,以及利用废弃物降低土壤中有害化学物质的含量。废弃物修复生态环境主要采用物理和化学两种方式。此外,景观生态环境修复对废弃物的利用也需要结合景观营建工程进行,站在长远的角度规划景观环境的修复工作。本文对废弃物修复生态环境的几个要点进行详细的阐述,发现废弃物的利用对生态环境的改造具有较大的意义,值得深入思考。     

铁路货车废闸瓦热解回收摩擦料的再利用研究

本文研究了铁路货车废闸瓦热解分离的回收摩擦料作为主要组分的摩擦材料的性能,当闸瓦回收摩擦料占70wt%,新添加橡胶改性酚醛树脂10 wt%、石墨10wt%、铁粉4 wt%、钢纤维4 wt%和硫酸钡2 wt%,在100℃~350℃时摩擦系数在0.43~0.45,热衰退率4.4%,摩擦系数偏差0.03,350℃磨损率0.91×10-7cm3(N·m)-1,体积磨损率总和2.85×10-7cm3(N·m)-1,室温下剪切强度4.46MPa,300℃下剪切强度2.12MPa;室温压缩应变0.47%,400℃时压缩应变0.59%,400℃热膨胀率0.22%。研制新摩擦材料具有稳定的摩擦系数、低的磨损率和良好的热恢复性,其摩擦磨损性能和力学性能都可以满足盘式制动器衬片的要求。,再生摩擦材料的再利用对表面膜的形成和磨损性能没有本质上的影响,磨损机制以粘着磨损为主。     

地热废水对环境的影响与再利用方法分析

地热能的开发正处在发展期,应用范围逐步扩大.对邯郸市地热水进行了水质化验,发现矿化度、氯化物、钠等盐类指标含量较高.调查发现,使用后的地热废水80%以上没有重复利用,也没有经过任何处理直接外排.分析评价了地热水水质,探讨了主要污染物质对生态环境的影响以及地热废水再利用的方法.