分子碰撞与惯性分离原理在油烟净化中的应用

应用分子碰撞和惯性分离原理,对油烟烟气进行分离是一种新的油烟净化方法.阐述了该方法的净化过程、基本原理和装置的最佳条件.研究结果表明：该方法是一种新型、高效、实用的油烟净化方法,提出了进一步完善该方法的研究内容.     

Characterization of aliphatic hydrocarbons in deep subsurface soils near the outskirts of Beijing, China

Thirty-nine deep subsurface soils( 150—180 cm depth) near the outskirts of Beijing were investagated. The concentrations including n-alkanes from C13 to C36, pristane and phytane were in the range of 0.60 to 170.10μg/g, with a median value of 4.26. Carbon preference index values for n-alkanes ranged from 1.08 to 2.98, with a median value of 1.48. The percentage contribution of “wax” nalkanes was in the range of 6.03%--46.22%. A predominance of odd/even carbon n-alkanes and unresolved complex mixtures with different shapes and ranges were frequently observed. Factor analysis reduced the data set into three principal components and confirming contributions from low ( 19.58% ), medium ( 20.49% ) molecular weight species and long-chain n-alkanes (43.41% ), respectively.Molecular biomarkers such as pristane, phytane, hopanes and steranes were detected. Based on the principal component analysis, the concentration profiles and molecular markers, it was found that the aliphatic hydrocarbons were from both biogenic and anthropogenic sources.     

聚酰胺胺树形分子在染料废水处理中的应用研究

使用聚酰胺胺 (PAMAM)树形分子对以酸性红B为代表的 1 2种水溶性染料模拟废水进行脱色处理。研究了溶液的酸度、时间、以及PAMAM的加入量对脱色率的影响。研究表明 ,PAMAM树形分子对水溶性染料具有优异的脱色效果 ,在pH =1～ 9较宽的范围内 ,PAMAM在 1 0mg/L的条件下 ,1 0min左右即能使多数模拟废水脱色 98%以上 ,CODCr去除率大多在 96 %左右。     

Al3+对酒石酸还原Cr(Ⅵ)的催化作用

为进一步了解土壤环境中有机物有效快速还原Cr(Ⅵ)的作用机理,通过批式试验研究了不同温度和pH条件下土壤中普遍存在的Al3 对酒石酸还原Cr(Ⅵ)反应速率的影响.结果表明,Al3 对酒石酸还原Cr(Ⅵ)有催化作用,且pH越低,Al3 的催化作用越明显;然而,当pH达4.5时,其催化作用几乎完全消失.前期试验结果指出,Al3 对只含有1个α-OH有机酸(如柠檬酸和乳酸)和只具有2个羧基的有机酸(如草酸和琥珀酸)还原Cr(Ⅵ)没有任何影响.因此,可得出Al3 的催化效应跟酒石酸分子中的2个α-OH与Al3 发生作用有关.在Al3 作用下,过量酒石酸对Cr(Ⅵ)还原反应符合零级反应动力学规律.     

芳香族化合物生物降解代谢及其分子遗传研究

芳香族碳水化合物（烃）是自然环境中普遍存在的。由于这些芳香烃在环境中的化学稳定性高、水溶性低且许多可能是致癌因子，由此引起的环境问题是一个世界性的难题。利用生物工程技术降解芳香烃是一条较为有效的快速分解的新途径。为此，本文综述了几种芳香烃生物降解途径的多样性、引发生物降解的生化和分子遗传机制及其所涉及基因的克隆分析和应用研究进展。     

佛坪三官庙地区大熊猫种群数量的DNA指纹分析

应用同位素标记大熊猫基因指纹探针Ｆ２ＺＧＰ９６０６０８０１，以秦岭南坡中段佛坪国家级大熊猫自然保护区三官庙范围内采集的大熊猫粪便样品作材料，进行了ＤＮＡ指纹检测．（１）在相同或不同时间、领域采得的粪便样品，显现出相同或不同的ＤＮＡ指纹图谱，达到个体认定的目的，进一步表明了大熊猫的尽量新鲜的粪便，可以作为ＤＮＡ指纹分析材料，进行野生种群数量调查．（２）根据检测２１个粪便样品的结果，无误地认定了三官庙地区有１３只大熊猫个体．其中有３个家系．（３）大熊猫粪便样品的ＤＮＡ指纹图，通过微机识别的个体数，准确可靠，能获得大熊猫在野外的真实个体数量．     

Identification of Tsuga Germplasm by Morphological Characters and RAPD Markers

Germplasm collection is important to preserve and maximize genetic diversity for germplasm conservation. Tsuga dumosa （ D. Don） Eichler in Engler ＆ Prantl. and T. chinensis var. forrestii （Downie） Silba germplasm was collected from three localities in China： Mt. Yulong, Wenfeng Temple and Mt. Dishiergu, Yunnan Province. Accessions were identified based on morphological characters and RAPD markers. The shapes of the apices and margins of needles were examined, and the length and width of needles, cones and seeds from accessions of mature plants were used to compare the morphological differences and to identify the germplasm. Molecular markers generated by randomly amplified polymorphic DNA （RAPD） were also used to characterize the taxa. Although the clustering based on RAPD markers was inconsistent with the morphological characters of the needles, based on the overall morphological characters and on RAPD markers, the accessions from Mt. Yulong and Wenfeng Temple were identified as T. chinertsis var. forrestii, and those from Mt. Dishiergu identified as T. dumosa. Taxonomic identification of the accessions was made based on morphology and by RAPD markers concurred. The results indicate that the shapes of the apices and margins of needles particularly from young plants could not be used as a possible key to identify T. dumosa and T. chinertsis var. forrestii. Fig 6, Tab 3, Ref24     

基于分子信标探针的荧光定量PCR方法检测转基因食品

选择了内源基因大豆植物凝集素(lectin)、玉米转化酶(invertase)和外源基因花椰菜花叶病毒35S(CaMV35S)启动子的分子信标探针,确定了探针浓度和镁离子浓度等反应条件,分别对转基因大豆和转基因玉米系列标准品进行内源基因和外源基因的荧光PCR扩增,在PCR反应过程中分别以两种荧光通道信号分别追踪同一样品DNA内源基因和外源基因的扩增动力学变化,并依此绘制了循环阈值与转基因食品百分比含量之间的标准曲线,建立了转基因大豆和转基因玉米的分子信标探针-荧光定量PCR检测方法,该方法具有特异性强、敏感性高的特点,实现了对转基因食品的定量分析.图7表1参11     

核糖体RNA基因在海洋动物分子系统学中的应用

随着分子遗传标记在分子系统学中应用的发展,核糖体RNA基因因其特殊的组成结构和演化方式被广泛应用于海洋动物分子系统学研究中.本文系统地介绍了真核生物核糖体RNA基因的组成和性质及其近年来在海洋动物系统进化、分类和种质鉴定、遗传多样性研究等方面研究中的应用.从中可以看出,核糖体RNA基因已经广泛应用于海洋动物的分子系统学研究中,但主要利用的是核糖体RNA基因的一级结构.图2参36