危险化学品活性反应危害及混配危险的规则研究(Ⅷ)

第二十六类 有机过氧化物 活性特点: 有机过氧化物为有机物分子中含有过氧链(-O-O-)的一类物质,如过氧酸O=C-O-OH,烷基过氧化物(R-O-O-R)等.有机过氧化物具有很强的氧化性,尤其过氧酸被认为所有有机物中最强的氧化剂,由于过氧酸中比一般的羧酸多一个氧原子,因此其氧化性极强.     

挥发性恶臭有机污染物的分子标志物研究进展

分子标志物技术一直是环境污染物来源识别和迁移转化机理研究的重要内容。挥发性恶臭有机物作为大气环境中一类极为特殊和复杂的有机污染物,目前采用分子标志物技术研究其来源识别和迁移转化过程甚为薄弱,因此尤其值得关注。文章介绍了该类污染物分子标志物的国内外研究进展,从其来源、测试技术、大气化学污染特征和源识别方法等方面进行阐述,指出了今后的研究方向。     

一株高效溶藻放线菌的分子生物学鉴定

实验室从土壤中分离筛选得到了一株具有高效溶藻能力的放线菌,命名为AN02。对这株具有高效溶藻效果能力的放线菌AN02分别进行了形态特征、培养特征及生理生化特性的分析,分析结果表明放线菌AN02菌株的上述几个特征与细黄链霉菌(Streptomyces microflavus)的高度一致,与此同时,聚类分析结果也同样表明,放线菌AN02菌株与细黄链霉菌(Streptomyces microflavus)的高度一致,后经过比对,发现二者的16SrDNA序列的同源性高达近100%,因此,可将溶藻放线菌AN02定名为细黄链霉菌AN02(Streptomyces microflavus AN02)。     

寒头暖足益健康

20世纪70年代,我国在发掘长沙马王堆3号汉墓时,出土了大批的箭帛医书,在这批箭帛医书的《脉法》中记载:“圣人寒头而暖足,治病者取有余而补不足也。““寒头暖足“这4个字,既是我国古代医家泻实补虚的治疗准则,也是养生保健的重要原则之一。中医认为,头为诸阳之会,不宜接近高温。倘若头部温度太高,不但对健康不利,甚至会成为致病因素。医学研究也一再证明,长年坚持用冷水洗脸有预防感冒的作用。这是由于冬季气温低,人体最易患感冒,而坚持将脸和双手浸泡入冷水中,可迫使鼻、脸部位血管收缩乃至上身血管收缩,从而提高人体抗御风寒的能力,有效地预防感冒。     

太阳光谱变化引起的辐射强迫对气候变化的影响

太阳入射辐射从根本上决定了大气的热力结构和组成状况.紫外线波长范围的辐射改变了大气中的分子分布,从而引起连锁的化学反应——尢其是对平流层中臭氧的生成产生影响——同时为中间大气层提供主要的热源,而处于可见近红外波段的辐射则能到达低层大气和地球表面并使其增温.因此太阳辐射的光谱组成对确定大气结构、     

Treatment of taste and odor causing compounds 2-methyl isoborneol and geosmin in drinking water: A critical review

Problems due to the taste and odor in drinking water are common in treatment facilities around the world. Taste and odor are perceived by the public as the primary indicators of the safely and acceptability of drinking water and are mainly caused by the presence of two semi-volatile compounds – 2-methyl isoborneol (MIB) and geosmin. A review of these two taste and odor causing compounds in drinking water is presented. The sources for the formation of these compounds in water are discussed alongwith the health and regulatory implications. The recent developments in the analysis of MIB/geosmin in water which have allowed for rapid measurements in the nanogram per liter concentrations are also discussed. This review focuses on the relevant treatment alternatives, that are described in detail with emphasis on their respective advantages and problems associated with their implementation in a fullscale facility. Conventional treatment processes in water treatment plants, such as coagulation, sedimentation and chlorination have been found to be ine ective for removal of MIB/geosmin. Studies have shown powdered activated carbon, ozonation and biofiltration to be e ective in treatment of these two compounds. Although some of these technologies are more e ective and show more promise than the others, much work remains to be done to optimize these technologies so that they can be retrofitted or installed with minimal impact on the overall operation and e ectiveness of the treatment system.     

Changes in different organic matter fractions during conventional treatment and advanced treatment

XAD-8 resin isolation of organic matter in water was used to divide organic matter into the hydrophobic and hydrophilic fractions. A pilot plant was used to investigate the change in both fractions during conventional and advanced treatment processes. The treatment of hydrophobic organics (HPO), rather than hydrophilic organicas (HPI), should carry greater emphasis due to HPO’s higher trihalomethane formation potential (THMFP) and haloacetic acid formation potential (HAAFP). The removal of hydrophobic matter and its transmission into hydrophilic matter reduced ultimate DBP yield during the disinfection process. The results showed that sand filtration, ozonation, and biological activated carbon (BAC) filtration had distinct influences on the removal of both organic fractions. Additionally, the combination of processes changed the organic fraction proportions present during treatment. The use of ozonation and BAC maximized organic matter removal e ciency, especially for the hydrophobic fraction. In sum, the combination of pre-ozonation, conventional treatment, and O3-BAC removed 48% of dissolved organic carbon (DOC), 60% of HPO, 30% of HPI, 63% of THMFP, and 85% of HAAFP. The use of conventional treatment and O3-BAC without pre-ozonation had a comparable performance, removing 51% of DOC, 56% of HPO, 45% of HPI, 61% of THMFP, and 72% of HAAFP. The e ectiveness of this analysis method indicated that resin isolation and fractionation should be standardized as an applicable test to help assess water treatment process e ciency.     

Differential response of multiple zebrafish hepatic F-box protein genes to 17α-ethinylestradiol treatment

Estrogens are accumulating in environment and their e ects on a variety of reproductive processes and tumorigenesis were reported by previous study, but the mechanism of estrogen promoting neoplasia was still not clear. F-box protein (FBP) is the component of E3 ubiquitin ligase which takes part in a variety of key biological processes. In this study, using mature male zebrafish, which are more sensitive to estrogen treatment, we examined influence of 17 -ethinylestradiol (EE2) exposure on the expression of a series of hepatic FBP genes, which take part in a variety of biological processes, including tumorigenesis. The influence of EE2 on the expression of hepatic mRNA concentrations of FBP genes were quantified based on the expression of the optimal internal control gene in male zebrafish after 7-day exposure to EE2, from a low-dose concentration (1 ng/L) to environmentally relevant concentrations (10, 100 ng/L). Our results showed that EE2 exposure reduced the expression of fbxl14a, fbxl14b, fbxo25 and -TRCP2b, but enchanced the expression of skp2. While the alterations in fbxl2, fbxw7, fbxo9, -TRCP2a, fbxl18 and fbxo45 mRNA levels were not observed after EE2 exposure. Thus, our results showed that the expression of hepatic FBP genes exhibited di erentially in male zebrafish exposed EE2. The changes of the expression level of FBP genes induced by EE2 may be an important clue to elucidate the correlations of estrogen and hepatic tumors.     

王广厚科研自信源自创新

2011年12月9日．南京大学物理学院原子分子与团簇物理教授王广厚当选中国科学院院士．其因在“原子团簇”领域的贡献而增选。     

基于斑马鱼胚胎毒性与非靶化学分析的典型工业园区废水处理效率研究

工业园区废水中污染物种类复杂、毒性大、去除难,在处理出水水质达标的情况下仍可能存在生态健康风险,因此,有效评估园区废水的处理效率具有重要意义.采用斑马鱼胚胎毒性实验和基于液相色谱-质谱的非靶标污染物筛查方法分析了两家典型工业园区污水处理厂的处理效率.研究结果表明,生物毒性检测和非靶标化学分析可从不同侧面解释废水中毒害污染物在水处理过程中的沿程变化情况,两者的研究结果相互支撑.两类分析方法都发现,生化处理工艺无法有效去除工业废水中斑马鱼胚胎发育毒性物质.高级氧化技术、吸附技术和膜生物反应器技术等可以进一步有效削减污染物丰度及毒性,市政污水的混入提升了工业废水中毒害污染物的去除率及生物毒性的削减率.本研究结果证实了斑马鱼胚胎毒性与非靶化学分析可用于确定工业废水处理的效率,对工业废水处理过程的设计和调控具有指导意义.