铅锌尾矿废弃地的化学性质研究

凡口铅锌尾矿废弃地的不同区位及不同深度的尾矿中铅锌含量存在着较大的差异,总锌为703－19657mg/kg、总铅10413－94988mg/kg。正常尾矿中,有效态锌含量达到151．6－841．7mg/kg,有效态铅含量很低（0．75－2．50mg/kg),有机质、总氮、有效磷及速效钾等营养物质缺乏。当尾矿酸化后,pH降低,有效态Pb、Zn含量升高,有效锌达到175．8－2828．0mg/kg,有效铅含量最高为100．0mg/kg,而有机质、总氮和有效磷为零,使尾矿更加贫瘠。在尾矿库的边缘区位和尾矿表面的覆盖土壤区位,基质中营养物质含量增加,但是营养状况的改善又引起了有效态的Pb、Zn含量升高。     

红松人工林土壤酶活性与化学性质对氮添加的响应

土壤酶参与土壤中进行的众多复杂的生物化学过程,对陆地生态系统物质循环具有重要作用.为了探索温带森林土壤酶活性和化学性质对氮沉降的响应,本研究依托于黑龙江凉水国家级自然保护区的红松（Pinus koraiensis）人工林氮添加实验样地,分析了4种土壤酶活性.结果表明,土壤中N-乙酰-氨基葡萄糖苷酶（NAG）和碱性磷酸酶（AKP）活性均随着施氮浓度增加显著升高,而β-葡糖苷酶（BG）以及酸性磷酸酶（ACP）活性在不同的施氮处理之间无显著差异;同一施氮水平下的上层（0~10 cm）土壤的全碳、全氮、全磷、有效氮含量以及4种酶活性显著高于下层（10~20 cm）土壤,pH值则无显著差异.全碳与NAG、BG、AKP、ACP之间均存在极显著正相关,全氮与BG、NAG、AKP、ACP存在显著或极显著正相关,有效氮与NAG、AKP间存在显著和极显著正相关,全磷与ACP、AKP存在显著和极显著正相关.施氮水平和土层对土壤酶活性及土壤化学性质存在不同程度的影响,氮的长期大量输入可直接或间接地改变土壤化学性质并影响土壤酶活性.     

Performance and role of N-acyl-homoserine lactone (AHL)-based quorum sensing (QS) in aerobic granules

The present study investigated the relationship between N-acyl-homoserine lactone（AHL）-based quorum sensing（QS） and the physico-chemical properties of aerobic granules.Stable mature granules were observed in SBR2 and SBR3 with average diameters of 0.96,and1.49 mm,respectively. The sludge densities of aerobic granules in SBR2 and SBR3 were1.0246,and 1.0201 g/mL,respectively,which were higher than that of flocculent sludge in SBR1（1.0065 g/mL）. The results showed that the activity of AHL-based QS in SBR2 and SBR3 amounted to 2.4- and 2.1-fold induction,however,that in SBR1 with flocculent sludge was1.6-fold induction. In addition,the results also showed that the activity of AHL-based QS in the three reactors rose in the feast condition,and then dropped with the consumption of substrate. However,the activity of AHL-based QS in these three reactors recovered again in prolonged starvation. Furthermore,the results showed that the enhancement of AHL-based QS favored the extracellular polymeric substance production of microorganisms in activated sludge. Thus,it could be concluded that aerobic granules showed higher AHL-based QS than flocculent sludge,which resulted from the higher sludge density of aerobic granules than flocculent sludge. AHL-based QS was related to the metabolism energy in the feast condition; however,in prolonged starvation,microorganisms would emit more AHL-like molecules to protect themselves to resist starvation. Moreover,the enhancement of AHL-based QS favored the EPS component productivity of the microorganisms in activated sludge,which contributed to maintain the aerobic granular structure.