医疗机构未被污染输液瓶(袋)管理模式现状调研与分析

采用横断面调查的方式,调研江苏省连云港地区二级及以上医疗机构对于未被污染输液瓶(袋)的管理现状并对存在问题提出改进意见。结果显示,64%的医院针对此类固体废物建立管理制度,监管部门主要为医院总务部门和感染管理科等。交由专门的收集公司以及按照生活垃圾和医疗废物处置的比例分别44%、32%和12%。医院对外及对内均有交接记录的仅占24%,仅48%的医院能做到单独存放;产生量方面,全市二级及以上医疗机构未被污染输液瓶(袋)的年产生量约为311.84 t。提示现阶段医疗机构对未被污染输液瓶(袋)的院内外全过程监管有待强化,应通过强化市-县-质控中心三级管理网络、引入物联网管理手段等进一步规范管理。     

磺胺甲(口恶)唑对罗非鱼养殖水体细菌群落的影响

以SCT 1084-2006《磺胺类药物水产养殖使用规范》为依据,制作无(NS)、低(LS)、中(MS)和高(HS)剂量磺胺甲啊恶唑(SMZ)的饲料,通过8周的养殖试验(前4周投喂SMZ饲料,后4周投喂无SMZ饲料)、16S高通量测序技术和生物信息学分析来研究养殖过程中不同剂量SMZ的使用对养殖水体细菌群落结构的影响。第2、4、6和8周时运用16S rRNA和生物信息学测定分析水体微生物多样性。研究显示:(1)不同剂量SMZ投喂下对养殖水体细菌的生物多样性有不同程度的降低影响,中、高剂量效果显著,停止投喂SMZ饲料后显著性差异消失、差异程度降低;(2)不同剂量SMZ投喂时均改变了细菌群落结构,其中NS群落和LS群落差异弱于与MS和HS群落的差异,这种差异在停药4周后仍存在;(3)SMZ的抑菌和细菌耐药作用显著改变水体菌群从门至属的物种组成,SMZ主要诱导了变形菌门下β-变形菌纲中的某些参与氮循环相关的细菌(如:Candidatus_Branchiomonas和12up),同时抑制了一些致病菌(如:拟杆菌门的黄杆菌等);(4)SMZ对水体细菌群落的改变在一定程度上改变其功能分配和抑制其功能强度。研究结果表明,不同剂量饲料拌喂SMZ不仅会在不同程度上显著改变养殖水体细菌群落结构且有一定的延续性;此外,在SMZ的选择压力下一些与脱氮相关的菌成为明显的优势种,可能会对养殖池塘的氮循环有潜在的影响。     

8, respectively) and

2±0.112, respectively) and CON group(0.538±0.132 and 0.323±0.107, respectively), P< 0.05. The level of PPARγ mRNA were lower in AMI (0.391±0.101) and UAP (0.396±0.093) groups than in SAP (0.555±0.152) and CON (0.625±0.223)groups, P<0.05. Conclusions The expr     

云南三起地下洞穴金线鱼巴大暴发原因初探

2000年夏秋云南省3起地下洞穴金线Ba大暴发，主要是因为下水资源遭到山洪泥浆浸袭和水质被某些化学物质污染，造成严重缺氧所致，表明当前的环境保护工作还存在较多问题。     

加工高(含)硫原油的事故隐患及对策

分析了高 (含 )硫原油加工中对设备和人员可能带来的危害 ,从工艺、设备、管理上提出对策。     

Identification of rice cultivars with low brown rice mixed cadmium and lead contents and their interactions with the micronutrients iron, zinc, nickel and manganese

Paddy fields in mining areas are usually co-contaminated by a cocktail of mixed toxic heavy metals (e.g., Cd and Pb in Pb/Zn mines). However, previous studies on rice cultivars screened for effective metal exclusion have mostly focused on individual metals, and have been conducted under pot-trial or hydroponic solution conditions. This study identified rice cultivars with both low Cd and Pb accumulation under Cd-and Pb-contaminated field conditions, and the interactions of the toxic elements Cd and Pb with the micronutrient elements Fe, Zn, Mn and Ni were also studied. Among 32 rice cultivars tested, there were significant differences in Cd (0.06-0.59 mg/kg) and Pb (0.25-3.15 mg/kg) levels in their brown rice, and similar results were also found for the micronutrient elements. Significant decreases in concentrations of Fe and Mn were detected with increasing Cd concentrations and a significant elevation in Fe, Mn and Ni with increasing Pb concentrations. A similar result was also shown by Cd and Ni. Three cultivars were identified with a combination of low brown rice Cd and Pb, high micronutrient and grain yield (Wufengyou 2168, Tianyou 196 and Guinongzhan). Present results suggest that it is possible to breed rice cultivars with low mixed toxic element (Cd, Pb) and high micronutrient contents along with high grain yields, thus ensuring food safety and quality.     

Fractionation of residual Al in natural water treatment from reservoir with poly-aluminum-silicate-chloride (PASiC): Effect of OH/Al, Si/Al molar ratios and initial pH

An aluminum fractionation study was conducted for a surface reservoir water treatment to understand the performance of poly-aluminum-silicate-chloride (PASiC) in terms of the residual Al fractions as a function of initial pH. The coagulation performance expressed as turbidity and organic matter removal was established as supporting data. Some extra data were evaluated in terms of the residual Al ratio of the composite PASiC coagulant. The main residual Al sources were the Al fractions derived from the use of PASiC. The turbidity and organic matter removal ability was optimal at initial pH 6.00-7.00, while the concentrations of various residual Al species and the residual Al ratio of PASiC were minimal at an initial pH range of 7.00-8.00. Under the conditions of OH/Al molar ratio = 2.00 and Si/Al molar ratio = 0.05, PASiC had superior coagulation performance and comparatively low residual Al concentrations. The Al fraction in the composite PASiC coagulant seldom remained under such conditions. Experimental data also indicated that the suspended (filterable) Al fraction was the dominant species, and organic-bound or organo-Al complex Al was considered to be the major species of dissolved Al in water treated by PASiC coagulation. Additionally, the dissolved inorganic monomeric Al species dominated the dissolved monomeric Al fraction.     

春季黄渤海溶解有机碳的平面分布特征

依据2010年4～5月对黄渤海调查所得的数据,分析了黄渤海溶解有机碳(dissolved organic carbon,DOC)的含量及其平面分布特征,并对其影响因素进行了初步探讨.结果表明,2010年春季黄渤海DOC的浓度范围为0.96～4.71 mg.L-1,平均浓度为2.27 mg.L-1.平面分布上,DOC整体呈现南北近岸浓度高、中部外海浓度低的特点.在渤海西部近岸、山东半岛东部及长江口东北部均存在高值,尤其是渤海西部近岸,DOC浓度最高达到4.71 mg.L-1,这主要是受河流输入和沿岸流的影响;低值区则主要集中在南黄海中部外海,DOC浓度普遍低于1.50 mg.L-1.     

不同曝气强度下SBMBBR和SBR脱氮除磷性能对比研究

对比考察了不同曝气强度下序批式活性污泥反应器(SBR)和序批式移动床生物膜反应器(SBMBBR)的脱氮除磷效果,并分析了反应器单个周期内有机物、氮和磷的转化过程.实验结果表明,SBMBBR和SBR脱氮主要是基于好氧段发生的同步硝化反硝化(SND)及进水、搅拌阶段发生的缺氧反硝化途径实现的,而除磷是基于常规生物除磷和反硝化除磷过程而完成.曝气强度会影响SBR和SBMBBR好氧阶段SND发生的程度,最佳曝气强度下两者通过SND作用去除的TN量分别达到去除总量的47.7%和79.0%.在采用先行厌氧的运行方式,保持系统内高浓度微生物,使反应器在进水C/N比只有2.2～3.5的条件下均取得了良好的脱氮除磷效果.两者相比,SBMBBR和SBR在COD和NH4-N去+除方面没有差异,而SBMBBR的反硝化、除磷效果更优,TN、TP去除率分别达到95.4%和93.5%,较SBR分别高出10.9%和4.1%.