除了人口红利我们还拥有什么？——兼做中印比较

与印度相比,中国占得了先发优势,走上了良性循环的正轨．将人口红利、资源获取、高积累率结合在一起,得以成就未来中国的财富。这绝非印度可轻易模仿的。当前．中国全社会的共识或底线应该是：决不能中断这一循环,让中国陷入动荡!各方都要为达成这个共识而妥协,都要为此做出克制与牺牲。为此,要学习印度的妥协艺术。     

河流,离城市越来越远?

<正>老子说:"上善若水,水善利万物而不争。"正是由于水的这种"不争",使生活在都市中的人们好像已经漠视了她的存在,这种漠视导致河流离我们的日常生活越来越远。     

气候项目亚太峰会

2011年1月8-10日,中国可持续发展研究会派员参加在印度尼西亚首都雅加达举行的气候项目亚太峰THE CLIMATE PROJECT ASIA PACIFIC SUMMIT,共有来自中国、印度、澳大利亚、印尼等14个亚太国家的300多名有志于气候变化宣讲工作的人员参加本次会议。诺贝尔和平奖获得者、美国前副总统阿尔·戈尔先生亲自为学员们讲授了相关知识。     

“跨工业化”经济增长模式分析——来自印度经济增长模式的启示

本文以印度经济增长模式为例,以竞争优势理论为分析框架,研究了跨工业化经济增长模式的内涵、生成机制与优劣势。研究表明,"基础设施薄弱、精英人才涌现"的资源禀赋结构、社会内部消费需求拉动、相关产业支撑、龙头企业带动、自由化的政策改革环境以及技术进步推动,促进了印度"跨工业化"经济增长模式的生成。基于此,通过中印两国经济增长模式的比较,指出"跨工业化"经济增长模式具有资源环境友好特征、能借助服务业的发展反向刺激工业发展等优势;并揭示了"跨工业化"增长模式的劣势,即难以提高就业率、服务业持续发展缺乏基础设施和制造业支撑等。鉴于我国服务业发展滞后,工业发展面临资源与环境高消耗的困境,我国应借鉴印度经验,培养服务业人才队伍、提高社会消费需求、优化服务业产业结构、培育服务业龙头企业、加快服务业自由化改革、提高服务业创新能力,以加快服务业的发展,增强服务业对工业的反哺效应,保障我国工业化进程在"资源与环境双约束下"又快又好地和谐推进。     

Distribution of cadmium in oilseed rape and Indian mustard grown on cadmium contaminated soil

Heavy metal distribution in the specialized accumulating plants was important for phytoextraction technique. Hydroponic and pot experiment were conducted to investigated Cd phytoextraction ability and Cd distribution in the plant of oilseed rape species. The results showed that oilseed rape Chuanyou Ⅱ-10 was more effective in phytoexetraction Cd among 21 varieties of oilseed rape and indicator plant Indian mustard. Cd concentration in the shoot of Chuanyou Ⅱ-10 and Indian mustard gradually decreased with an increase in growth period, while the amount of Cd uptake increased with the increase of growth period. There was constantly decrease in Cd concentration from the base leaves to the top leaves of Chuanyou Ⅱ-10 and Indian mustard, the percentages of Cd uptake in older leaves were higher than those of younger leaves. Older leaves of Chuanyou Ⅱ-10 and Indian mustard extracted more Cd for the Cd contamination soil, leaves should as far as possible develop before they reached the soil and the older leaves were harvested in priority.     

Speciation and bioaccessibility of lead and cadmium in soil treated with metal-enriched Indian mustard leaves

Indian mustard (Brassica juncea (L.) Czern.) has shown good potential for the phytoremediation of soil contaminated with heavy metals. However, there is little information about the speciation and bioaccessibility of heavy metals in soil during the decomposition of metal-rich Indian mustard leaves. Incubation experiments (1-, 3-, and 6-month) were carried out in Beijing and Hunan soil with metal-rich Indian mustard leaves addition (1% and 3%) and the e ects of mustard leaves addition on the speciation and bioaccessibility of heavy metals were studied. The results showed that the addition of mustard leaves led to significant increases in pH and DOC in the Hunan soil. Both 1% and 3% of mustard leaf amendment caused the percentage of the exchangeable (F1), precipitated with carbonates (F2), bound to Fe/Mn oxides (F3) and bound to organic matter (F4) fractions of Pb and Cd to increase dramatically, while the percentage of the residual fraction (F5) of Cd and Pb significantly dropped in both Beijing and Hunan soils. Mustard leaf addition caused the bioaccessibility of Pb to decrease in the gastric phase, whereas the values increased in the small intestinal phase. The Cd bioaccessibility increased with mustard leaf addition in both the gastric and small intestinal phases. In conclusion, the metal-enriched mustard leaves addition induces Pb and Cd concentrations and their mobility increasing in the Beijing and Hunan soils. Therefore, heavy metal risk in metal-enriched plant leaves should be considered in phytoremediation system in which heavy metal might be brought back to soil and changed over time.     

胶质芽孢杆菌对印度芥菜富集土壤Cd及土壤pH的影响

采用根袋法盆栽试验,研究接种活菌量浓度分别为1×1010 cfu·kg-1 (T1)和2×1010 cfu·kg-1(T2)的胶质芽孢杆菌,对印度芥菜富集土壤Cd、土壤有效态Cd含量及土壤pH的影响.结果表明,以不接种菌液作为对照,处理T1、T2地上部分生物富集系数分别为13.58、16.83,与对照相比分别提高42.95％、77.16％;地下部分生物富集系数分别为4.35、4.83,分别比对照提高24.64％、38.40％;土壤的净化率分别是对照的1.73、2.20倍.对照组土壤有效态Cd含量随着时间的延长而降低,根际和非根际土壤分别降低32.93％和45.54％;但T1和T2处理中,根际、非根际土壤有效态Cd含量分别提高15.15％、31.73％和36.54％、45.28％.收获时,处理T1、T2根际土壤pH降低率分别是对照的1.08、1.10倍.不同浓度胶质芽孢杆菌处理下土壤pH与有效态Cd含量均呈显著负线性关系.综上,胶质芽孢杆菌主要是通过改变土壤pH来影响土壤Cd生物有效性,从而促进超富集植物的修复效果.本研究可为微生物辅助植物修复重金属污染土壤提供一定理论依据和实践指导.     

ENSO对我国江南及印度降水影响的比较

根据近百年我国江南和印度的降水资料,对比分析了其各季降水与ＥＮＳＯ的关系。统计表明,Ｅ１Ｎｉｎｏ发生时印度夏季和秋季降水的减少最显著,分别比多年平均减少４．５％和６．０％,Ｌａ Ｎｉｎａ时则分别增加６．６％和８．１％。对我国江南降水影响最显著的是冬季,在Ｅ１ Ｎｉｎｏ事件时降水比多年平均偏多１８．５％,Ｌａ Ｎｉｎａ时则偏低了１７．７％。降水的年代际变化可以影响ＥＮＳＯ与降水的关系。９０年代江南处     

印度气候变化展望

印度气候变化展望Ｒ．Ｋ．Ｐａｃｈａｕｒｉ，塔塔能源研究所所长，ＩｎｄｉａＨａｂｉｔａｔＣｅｎｔｒｅ，ＬｏｄｉＲｏａｄ，ＮｅｗＤｅｌｈｉ－１１０００３，Ｉｎｄｉａ自从全球变暖和气候变化威胁的论战进入重要全球问题领域而涉及全世界的科学界与政治界以来，塔塔...