澜沧江沉积物氨氧化及反硝化微生物丰度

为了探究梯级水库开发对河流沉积物中氮循环微生物的影响,本文针对澜沧江流域氨氧化细菌(AOB)、氨氧化古菌(AOA)和nirS型反硝化微生物丰度进行了研究,采集了云南省盐井至橄榄坝19个点位的沉积物样品,测定了研究区域内自然河流、水库河段、重要支流的AOB-amoA、AOA-amoA和nirS基因的丰度,同时测定了沉积物、间隙水及水体理化因子.结果显示:19个点位沉积物AOB-amoA基因丰度范围为0.82×10⁷～4.25×10⁷copies/g,AOA-amoA基因丰度范围为0.83×10⁷～6.87×10⁷copies/g,nirS基因丰度范围为0.72×10⁷～7.32×10⁷copies/g;AOA/AOB介于0.35～2.17之间,AOA在数量上相比于AOB并不占优势.AOA-amoA、AOB-amoA和nirS丰度在自然河段、水库段和支流没有显著差异,说明人工水利设施的建设对氨氧化微生物丰度空间分布并无显著影响.沉积物间隙水氨氮、总磷和总氮是影...     

硝化作用对盐碱湿地N2O排放的影响及其环境因子分析

湿地是温室气体氧化亚氮(N_2O)重要的源或汇,盐碱湿地作为湿地的重要组成部分,研究其N_2O排放对于探究盐碱湿地N_2O产生的硝化作用机制及评估其在温室效应中的作用具有重要意义.本文对代表性盐碱湿地——扎龙芦苇沼泽湿地生长季的N_2O释放量及相关环境因子进行了研究.结果表明,生长季N_2O通量呈波动性下降趋势,最大值出现在7月中旬,平均排放通量为(37. 49±15. 75)μg·(m2·h)-1,表现为N_2O的释放"源". N_2O通量与不同深度土层温度存在显著正相关关系(P 0. 05),且上层土温对N_2O排放的影响程度高于深层土;淹水期间N_2O通量与积水深度呈显著负相关关系(P 0. 05);且土壤TOC和TN含量较低,N_2O通量与0～40 cm土层NH+4-N含量呈显著正相关关系(P 0. 05),而与NO-3-N含量没有关系,硝化作用程度要比反硝化强;此外,土壤氨氧化菌活性与0～20 cm土层温度存在极显著正相关关系(P 0. 01),且N_2O通量与氨氧化菌活性也呈极显著的线性正相关关系(P 0. 001),表明盐碱湿地的N_2O释放受硝化作用影响巨大.     

木耳菌糠生物炭对阳离子染料的吸附性能研究

为了有效处理印染废水,以废弃木耳菌糠（AG）为原料,采用限氧热解法在350、550、750℃的温度下制备木耳菌糠生物炭（AGBC）,处理含有孔雀石绿（MG）、番红花红T （ST）的有色废水.考察了不同初始pH值、吸附时间、初始浓度对AGBC吸附MG、ST的影响,讨论了吸附动力学及等温吸附特性.并利用傅里叶变换红外光谱（FTIR）、X射线衍射仪（XRD）、扫描电子显微镜（SEM）等技术对吸附前后的菌糠生物炭进行表征,探究吸附机理.结果表明：随着热解温度的升高,吸附剂表面的含氧官能团数量逐渐减少,而比表面积和芳香化程度逐渐增加.MG的平衡吸附量随溶液pH值的升高而增大,而ST的平衡吸附量呈现相反趋势.AGBC对MG、ST的吸附分别在8h和4h基本达到平衡.AGBC对MG的吸附过程符合准一级动力学模型与Freundlich模型,说明吸附过程以物理吸附为主;对ST的吸附过程符合准二级动力学模型与Freundlich模型,说明吸附过程以化学吸附为主.与AG350和AG550相比,AG750对MG和ST的吸附量更高,经Langmuir模型拟合,其对MG和ST的最大吸附量分别为10249.79mg/g、3353.49mg/g.吸附机理表明,AGBC对MG的吸附主要为静电引力和π-π共轭作用,对ST的吸附主要为氢键作用、π-π共轭作用以及静电引力.说明AGBC对阳离子染料具有一定的吸附潜力,是一种经济高效的吸附材料.     

活性污泥中好氧反硝化菌的富集筛选及鉴别

采用SBR反应器,以硝基氮为底物,通过间歇曝气方式,DO保持5mg/L以上,对活性污泥进行强化驯化,实现好氧反硝化细菌的富集培养。利用琥珀酸钠作为碳源,溴百里酚蓝(BTB)作为pH指示剂,共筛选得到20株BTB琼脂平板阳性菌。通过反硝化性能测定,复筛得到4株好氧反硝化细菌。实验结果表明,琥珀酸盐为碳源、硝酸盐为惟一氮源、C/N<10的条件下,4株菌在4d内的TIN去除率均达到60%以上。通过16SrRNA序列同源性比较成功鉴定出3株菌,初步判断2株属于Pseudomonas菌属、1株属于Delftia菌属。     

高浓度硫酸盐废水治理技术的研究

阐述高浓度硫酸盐废水的分类和硫酸盐还原菌的分类及还原机理，后着重阐述了SRB与非SRB的竞争关系及其影响因素，最后说明了有关治理技术的进展。     

石油降解菌XD-1产表面活性剂的性能

从含油废水中筛选分离到1株原油降解菌XD-1,鉴定为假单胞菌（Pseuomonas sp.）.初步实验表明菌XD-1具有较强的产表面活性剂乳化原油的作用,对该菌的产表面活性剂性能进行了研究.实验证明,菌XD-1所产表面活性剂为脂肽类物质,菌在生长对数期产表面活性剂,表面活性剂的产生为生长相关型;充足的碳源是产表面活性剂的必需条件,菌利用原油为碳源时能持续大量地产表面活性剂;原油和尿素为产表面活性剂的最适碳源和氮源,菌XD-1产表面活性剂的最佳营养培养基组成为葡萄糖10 g,尿素4 g,磷酸二氢钾1 g,微量元素液4 mL,水1 L,pH 8.0.     

Quantity and activity of ammonia-oxidizing archaea and bacteria and their contribution to ammonia oxidation in farmland soil of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau北大核心CSCD

Ammonia oxidation, the first and rate-limiting step of nitrification, is mainly performed by ammonia-oxidizing archaea (AOA) and ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB). However, the activities of AOA and AOB in soil and their relative contribution to ammonia oxidation are unclear, and whether there is a significant correlation between the quantity of AOA and AOB and the ammonia oxidation rate is also controversial. In this study, quantitative PCR combined with acetylene (C2H2) and 1-octyne inhibition methods were used to determine the quantity and activity of AOA and AOB in wheat, highland barley, and oilseed rape soils in Nyingchi, Lhatse, Sangzhuzi, and Sangri counties on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. The results showed that the quantity of AOB ((2.34 ± 0.84) ×105 - (2.65 ± 1.07) ×106 copies g-1 dry soil) was significantly higher than that of AOA ((0.20 ± 0.10) ×104 - (4.02 ± 0.39) ×104 copies g-1 dry soil) in all the soil samples. Soil pH was the key factor affecting the quantity of AOB, and the total phosphorus and ammonium nitrogen in soil were the key factors affecting the quantity of AOA. The rates of ammonia oxidation in the farmland soils of Lhatse (2.42 ± 0.73 mg kg-1 d-1) and Sangzhuzi (3.24 ± 1.15 mg kg-1 d-1) were significantly higher than those in the soils of Nyingchi (1.17 ± 0.43 mg kg-1 d-1) and Sangri counties (0.88 ± 0.57 mg kg-1 d-1). The rates of ammonia oxidation in the farmland soils of Lhatse and Sangzhuzi were dominated by AOB, while those in the farmland soils of Nyingchi and Sangri counties were dominated by AOA. For crops, the ammonia oxidation rates of wheat and oilseed rape soils in all four regions were significantly higher than those of highland barley soil, whereas the activity of AOA and AOB was not influenced by crops. The ratio of nitrogen to phosphorus was the key factor influencing AOA activity, whereas soil pH and total carbon were the main factors influencing AOB activity. Additionally, the quantities of AOA and AOB were not significantly correlated with the total ammonia oxidation rates and AOA and AOB activity. Overall, our study suggests that both AOA and AOB play important roles in ammonia oxidation in farmland soils of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. Moreover, it is unreliable to predict the activity of AOA and AOB and their relative contribution to ammonia oxidation directly based on their number of amoA genes, and the activity of AOA and AOB should be directly and accurately measured. These results are important for understanding ammonia nitrogen removal processes, slowing nitrate loss, and reducing the emission of the greenhouse gas nitrous oxide in the farmland ecosystem of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. © 2022 Science Press. All rights reserved.     

高原生境不同水力停留时间下A2/O工艺活性污泥微生物代谢机制研究

在高原生境下构建不同水力停留时间(HRT)运行工况的A²/O系统,结合水质分析及对好氧池活性污泥的16S rRNA基因测序,对微生物优势菌属功能和代谢途径进行研究。结果表明:高原生境下HRT为26.25 h时A²/O工艺处理效果总体最好,微生物优势菌属代谢功能以有机物降解、反硝化脱氮和聚磷菌除磷为主,代谢途径以碳氮磷代谢为主;在高原生境下,应对外界环境变化的细菌双组分调节功能(ko02020)丰度较大,该代谢途径在适应环境变化中有显著作用,是高原生境下的优势代谢途径;微生物细胞中rpoE基因丰度偏大,为微生物适应高原环境提供了保障。HRT为26.25 h时微生物功能基因总丰度最大,可见26.25 h是高原生境下A²/O工艺最佳HRT运行工况。