佛山灰霾期挥发性有机物的污染特征

2008年12月6～31日在佛山收集大气挥性有机物（VOCs）,并进行定量分析.结果表明,灰霾期VOCs浓度较高,其中甲苯（68.93μg·m-3±37.78μg·m-3）最高,非灰霾期异戊烷（20.59μg·m-3±14.28μg·m-3）最高.灰霾期烷烃和炔烃日变化不明显,而烯烃和芳烃在中午有较大幅度降低,非灰霾天气日变化相对稳定.等效丙烯浓度灰霾期远高于非灰霾期,灰霾期等效丙烯浓度从高到低分别为甲苯、丙烯和乙烯,非灰霾期分别为丙烯、乙烯和1-丁烯,灰霾天气芳烃对等效丙烯浓度的贡献有明显增加.灰霾期苯浓度很高,对人体健康有较大的潜在危害.日变化规律和特征比值表明机动车尾气排放是灰霾期大多数VOCs（如异戊烷和乙炔）的主要来源,同时其它来源如溶剂挥发对VOCs苯和甲苯的贡献不容忽视.     

应用多元线性溶剂化能关系研究有机膨润土的吸附特征

以十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTMAB)制备的有机膨润土为代表,设置有机膨润土中CTMAB的负载量为1.0倍的阳离子交换量(CEC),测试了其吸附酚类、胺类、硝基类等25种有机物的有机碳标化的吸附系数(K∝)值.在此基础上,运用多元线性回归方法得到了有机膨润土吸附有机物的多元线性溶剂化能关系(LSER)模型,以明确各种作用...     

Changes in different organic matter fractions during conventional treatment and advanced treatment

XAD-8 resin isolation of organic matter in water was used to divide organic matter into the hydrophobic and hydrophilic fractions. A pilot plant was used to investigate the change in both fractions during conventional and advanced treatment processes. The treatment of hydrophobic organics (HPO), rather than hydrophilic organicas (HPI), should carry greater emphasis due to HPO’s higher trihalomethane formation potential (THMFP) and haloacetic acid formation potential (HAAFP). The removal of hydrophobic matter and its transmission into hydrophilic matter reduced ultimate DBP yield during the disinfection process. The results showed that sand filtration, ozonation, and biological activated carbon (BAC) filtration had distinct influences on the removal of both organic fractions. Additionally, the combination of processes changed the organic fraction proportions present during treatment. The use of ozonation and BAC maximized organic matter removal e ciency, especially for the hydrophobic fraction. In sum, the combination of pre-ozonation, conventional treatment, and O3-BAC removed 48% of dissolved organic carbon (DOC), 60% of HPO, 30% of HPI, 63% of THMFP, and 85% of HAAFP. The use of conventional treatment and O3-BAC without pre-ozonation had a comparable performance, removing 51% of DOC, 56% of HPO, 45% of HPI, 61% of THMFP, and 72% of HAAFP. The e ectiveness of this analysis method indicated that resin isolation and fractionation should be standardized as an applicable test to help assess water treatment process e ciency.     

A kinetic model of Ti（IV）-catalyzed H2O2/O3 process in aqueous solution

A kinetic model for the Ti(IV)-catalyzed H₂O₂/O₃ process was established, and the experimental results demonstrated that the model could well describe this ozone-based oxidative system mathematically and chemically.     

室内空气中挥发性有机污染物治理对策

近年来,室内空气污染问题得到越来越多的重视,人们意识到维持良好室内空气环境的重要性,如何有效地治理室内空气污染成为了目前迫切关注的问题。文章对室内空气污染以及几种净化技术做了系统的综述,阐述了室内空气污染物的来源、危害,客观地评价了目前室内空气传统污染治理方法如通风换气、物理吸附法、化学吸收法、臭氧净化法,以及催化氧化法等空气净化技术的优缺点及空气净化技术的发展趋势,提出不同室内空气污染的分类,并针对不同的分类提出相应的方法,对污染治理进行指导。     

顶空气相色谱质谱法分析污泥恶臭成分

采用顶空气相色谱质谱(HS/GC-MS)联用技术对污泥恶臭成分进行检测,从污泥恶臭成分中分离多种化合物,并鉴定出烷、醛及苯等有机物。不同地区污泥的性质不尽相同,从而使恶臭成分也产生很大差异。HS/GC-MS法是一种分析污泥恶臭成分的有效方法,为污泥恶臭污染的防治提供了科学依据。     

气相色谱法测定生活饮用水中的有机物特定项目

对GB 3838-2002<地表水环境质量标准>表6特定项目中的四氯苯、二硝基苯、六氯苯、2,4,6-三硝基甲苯和百菌清等有机物的分析方法GB/T 5750.8-2006<生活饮用水标准检验方法有机物指标>及GB/T 5750.9-2006<生活饮用水标准检验方法农药指标>进行了试验优化.在样品预处理和色谱分析方法上实现了统一,减少了有毒有害有机试剂的消耗和二次污染,并且在10min内获得了组分间良好的分离,缩短了分析周期,为相关环境监测分析工作提供了参考依据.     

吹扫捕集—气相色谱／质谱联用测定饮用水中59种挥发性有机物

建立了吹扫捕集一气相色谱／质谱联用测定饮用水中59种挥发性有机物的方法,方法检出限为0．004～0．085μg/L,可满足饮用水中特定有机分析项目的检测要求。     

浒苔对重金属Cu2+、Cd2+的生物吸附及其生理反应

研究了浒苔(Enteromorpha prolifera)对Cu2+、Cd2+的生物吸附能力,以及不同浓度Cu2+、Cd2+单一处理对浒苔的叶绿素含量、叶绿素a/b比值、可溶性糖和蛋白质含量的影响.结果表明,暴露72 h后,浒苔对两种重金属的去除率均呈先升高后降低的趋势,但Cu2+的去除率远大于Cd2+.叶绿素含量在C...     

滇池水体光学物质的吸收特性研究

基于2009年9月在滇池的野外采样,分析了滇池水体中光学活性物质的吸收特性及其空间分布、与水体组分浓度的关系、各光学活性物质吸收对总吸收的贡献率、滇池水体吸收特性与其他二类水体的异同性等.结果表明,总颗粒物吸收光谱曲线与浮游藻类吸收光谱曲线形状相似,浮游藻类吸收在总颗粒物吸收中占主导;440、624和675 nm处的浮...