泉州湾邻苯二甲酸酯的地球化学特征

于2013年10月和2014年3月采集泉州湾表层海水、沉积物和生物体样品,采用气相色谱-质谱(GC-MS)联用技术对16种邻苯二甲酸酯(PAEs)进行定性、定量分析,研究泉州湾海水、沉积物及生物体中16种邻苯二甲酸酯(phthalate esters,PAEs)的含量分布、化学组成及环境意义。结果表明,研究的16种邻苯二甲酸酯类化合物中,表层海水、悬浮颗粒物(SPM)、表层沉积物以及牡蛎样品中均检出邻苯二甲酸二甲酯(DMP)、邻苯二甲酸二乙酯、邻苯二甲酸二异丁酯(DiBP)、邻苯二甲酸二丁酯(DBP)、邻苯二甲酸(2-乙基己基)酯(DEHP)和邻苯二甲酸二环己酯(DCHP);泉州湾表层海水中邻苯二甲酸酯溶解态总含量(PAEs)在1059.78~5893.17 ng/L之间,平均值为2996.82 ng/L,悬浮颗粒态总含量在11.09~270.39 g/g之间,平均值为110.47 g/g,表层沉积物中PAEs在206.6~464.2 g/kg之间,平均值为348.2 g/kg,生物体牡蛎中PAEs在179.29~254.24 g/kg之间,平均值为216.77 g/kg;DiBP、DBP和DEHP为PAEs的主要成分。与其他地区比较,泉州湾海洋环境中PAEs总体污染水平处于中等偏低水平。     

深圳湾近岸海域表层沉积物中重金属污染评价

通过对深圳湾表层沉积物中的Zn、Cr、Cd、Ni、Pb、Cu等6种元素的重金属分析可知,所测样品指标的平均值已全部超过广东海岸带沉积物背景值.利用地累积指数法对6种重金属的评价结果为Cd>Zn>Pb>Cu>Cr>Ni,其中以Cd污染最为严重,以偏中污染和中度污染为主,部分区域出现偏重污染.参照<海洋沉积物质量>(GB18668-2002),Zn的平均值超过背景值的6倍,已属于超Ⅱ类沉积物.Cr为超Ι类,Cd为近Ⅲ类,其均值已超过背景值的9倍;Pb属于Ι类沉积物.Cu的均值显示其已属于超Ⅱ类沉积物.结合粒度分析,其在空间分布上,重金属有沉积物中的富集程度与粒径大小密切相关,其在粒径较大的深圳湾河口区污染程度最小.而在时间尺度上,在近20多年中与背景值相比,重金属在沉积物中的增加则与经济发展密切相关.     

厦门西海域、同安湾入海污染负荷估算研究

主要利用采用GIS、经验排污系数法和经验模型法,对厦门湾的西海域和同安湾两个海域的陆源、海上水产养殖和大气输入源的入海污染负荷进行估算,得出这两个海域的CODMn、总氮(TN)和总磷(TP)年入海污染通量和入海污染负荷.估算结果显示,厦门湾的入海污染负荷主要来自于陆源污染源,所占比例在75.2%以上,大气沉降污染源次之...     

模糊数学在香溪河库湾富营养化评价中的应用

三峡水库蓄水后,部分支流库湾水体富营养化严重。以香溪河库湾为例,采用模糊数学评价法,通过引入隶属度的概念,对该库湾2010年全年不同断面水质进行富营养化评价,同时与综合营养状态指数评价法比较。结果表明:2种方法结果存在一定差异,但均反映了2010年香溪河库湾处于中营养化至重度富营养化,春夏季富营养化情势较其他季节严重,库湾上游处于中度富营养化,4月上游甚至为重度富营养化,下游处于轻度富营养化;秋冬季库湾营养状态分布较均匀,为中营养和轻度富营养化。该结果与实地观测结果相符。由此可见,模糊数学评价法较好的反映水质级别的模糊性与连续性,以及各因子共同作用下的水质状况,可在三峡水库支流库湾富营养化评价中得到应用。     

莱州湾海洋浮游和底栖生物多样性分析

利用莱州湾海域历年综合调查和生态监测资料,综合分析了莱州湾浮游植物、浮游动物、底栖生物等主要海洋生物类群的多样性状况及其长期变化特征。结果表明,莱州湾浮游植物种类繁多,不同航次调查物种数在几十至上百种不等,优势种周年变动和年际变化具有群落演替的特征,总细胞丰度在季节和年际间均呈指数变化,多样性指数H' (log2)平均值为2.64,秋季相对高于春季和夏季,且1959年显著高于20世纪80年代后的年份。莱州湾浮游动物种类以桡足类为主,单航次调查物种数相对浮游植物较少,优势种组成相对稳定,个体密度近几年有下降的趋势,多样性指数H'在1.74~2.52之间波动。莱州湾底栖生物种类众多,单航次调查大型底栖动物物种数一般就超百种,优势种以多毛类和双壳类为主,近几年呈现高丰度和低生物量的特点,多样性指数H'近几年监测结果有升高趋势,但相对20世纪80年代仍属低值。     

Significance of dredging on sediment denitrification in Meiliang Bay, China： A year long simulation study

An experiment for studying the effects of sediment dredging on denitrification in sediments was carried out through a one-year incubation of undredged (control) and dredged cores in laboratory. Dredging the upper 30 cm of sediment can significantly affect physico-chemical characteristics of sediments. Less degradation of organic matter in the dredged sediments was found during the experiment. Denitrification rates in the sediments were estimated by the acetylene blockage technique, and ranged from 21.6 to 102.7 nmol N2/(g dry weight (dw)·hr) for the undredged sediment and from 6.9 to 26.9 nmol N2/(g dw·hr) for dredged sediments. The denitrification rates in the undredged sediments were markedly higher (p0.05) than those in the dredged sediments throughout the incubation, with the exception of February 2006. The importance of various environmental factors on denitrification was assessed, which indicated that denitrification was regulated by temperature. Nitrate was probably the key factor limiting denitrification in both undredged and dredged sediments. Organic carbon played some role in determining the denitrification rates in the dredged sediments, but not in the undredged sediments. Sediment dredging influenced the mineralization of organic matter and denitrification in the sediment; and therefore changed the pattern of inherent cycling of nitrogen.     

台州湾围塘养殖水体中多环芳烃的浓度及来源

采集台州湾6个代表性点位的围塘养殖水体表层水,分析其中15种多环芳烃(PAHs)的含量,探讨其可能的来源.结果表明,水体中总PAHs平均含量为8 309.4 ng·L-1,变化范围为5 868.7～1 5156.1 ng·L-1,PAHs的组成以2-3环为主.荧蒽/(荧蒽 芘)和茚并[1,2,3-cd]芘/(茚并[1,2,3-cd]芘 苯并[g,h,i])苝比值表明,台州湾围塘养殖水体中的多环芳烃主要来自于化石燃料的燃烧.     

桑沟湾总溶解态无机砷的分布与季节变化

:利用氢化物发生原子荧光光谱法对桑沟湾春、夏、秋、冬四个季节的总溶解态无机砷(TDIAs=[As3 ] [As3 ])进行了测定.TDIAs的浓度4月和7月较低,分别为9.3±1.6 nmol/L,8.3±2.2 nmol/L;而11月和1月浓度较高,分别为18.5±0.6 nmol/L,17.9±2.0 nmol/L.4到7月,湾内海带等生长旺盛,湾内水交换能力较差,湾内TDIAs浓度较低;秋季海带收获后和冬季海带苗刚人海且生长缓慢,湾内水交换能力比4月和7月高,此时海湾内TDIAs浓度也较高.TDIAs在桑沟湾的分布和季节变化受湾内海带、贝类养殖和水文环境的影响显著.     

Organic carbon source and burial during the past one hundred years in Jiaozhou Bay, North China

Organic carbon (OC), total nitrogen (TN), and 210Pb in core sediment were measured to quantify the burial of organic carbon and the relative importance of allochthonous and autochthonous contributions during the past one hundred years in Jiaozhou Bay, North China. The core sediment was dated using 210Pb chronology, which is the most promising method for estimation of sedimentation rate on a time scale of 100–150 years. The variation of the burial flux of organic carbon in the past one hundred years can be divided into the following three stages: (1) relatively steady before 1980s; (2) increasing rapidly from the 1980s to a peak in the 1990s, and (3) decreasing from the 1990s to the present. The change is consistent with the amount of solid waste and sewage emptied into the bay. The OC:TN ratio was used to evaluate the source of organic carbon in the Jiaozhou Bay sediment. In the inner bay and bay mouth, the organic carbon was the main contributor from terrestrial sources, whereas only about half of organic carbon was contributed from terrestrial source in the outer bay. In the inner bay, the terrestrial source of organic carbon showed a steady change with an increase in the range of 69%–77% before 1990 to 93% in 2000, and then decreased from 2000 because of the decrease in the terrestrial input. In the bay mouth, the percentage of organic carbon from land reached the highest value with 94% in 1994. In the outer bay, the sediment source maintained steady for the past one hundred years.