Interspecific competition effects on phosphorus accumulation by Hydrilla verticillata and Vallisneria natans

The competition between submersed plants has been recognized as an important factor influencing the structure of plant communities in shallow lakes. The ability of different species to take up and store nutrients from the surrounding ambience varies, and hence plant community structure might be expected to affect the cycling of nutrients in lake ecosystems. In this study, the uptake of phosphorus by Hydrilla verticillata and Vallisneria natans was studied and compared in monoculture and competitive mixed-culture plantings. Results showed that for both studied species the phosphorus concentrations of different tissues and of whole plants was unaffected by competition. However, the quantity of phosphorus accumulated by whole plants of H. verticillata was significantly higher in mixture culture than in monoculture, while that of V. natans was lower in the mixed culture. The results indicated that H. verticillata has a competitive advantage over V. natans, when the two species are grown in competition, and is able to accumulate a greater quantity of phosphorus.     

Photocatalytic activity of Fe-doped CaTiO3 under UV-visible light

The photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue（MB） over Fe-doped CaTiO3 under UV-visible light was investigated. The as-prepared samples were characterized using X-ray diffraction（XRD）, scanning electron microscope（SEM） equipped with an energy dispersive spectrometer（EDS） system, Fourier transform infrared spectra（FT-IR）, and UV-visible diffuse reflectance spectroscopy（DRS）. The results show that the doping with Fe significantly promoted the light absorption ability of CaTiO3 in the visible light region. The Fe-doped CaTiO3 exhibited higher photocatalytic activity than CaTiO3 for the degradation of MB.However, the photocatalytic activity of the Fe-doped CaTiO3 was greatly influenced by the calcination temperature during the preparation process. The Fe-doped CaTiO3 prepared at500°C exhibited the best photocatalytic activity, with degradation of almost 100% MB（10 ppm）under UV-visible light for 180 min.     

Dyes adsorption using a synthetic carboxymethyl cellulose-acrylic acid adsorbent

Removal of noxious dyes is gaining public and technological attention. Herein grafting polymerization was employed to produce a novel adsorbent using acrylic acid and carboxymethyl cellulose for dye removal. Scanning electron microscopy and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy verified the adsorbent formed under optimized reaction conditions. The removal ratio of adsorbent to Methyl Orange, Disperse Blue 2BLN and malachite green chloride reached to 84.2%, 79.6% and 99.9%, respectively. The greater agreement between the calculated and experimental results suggested that pseudo second-order kinetic model better represents the kinetic adsorption data. Equilibrium adsorptions of dyes were better explained by the Temkin isotherm. The results implied that this new cellulose-based absorbent had the universaiity for removal of dyes through the chemical adsorption mechanism.     

污水处理厂污泥水溶解性有机物的光谱特性分析

污泥水是污水处理厂污泥浓缩、稳定、脱水等环节产生的废水,具有污染物浓度高、成分复杂的特点.采用三维荧光光谱和红外光谱研究了污泥水中溶解性有机物(DOM)的光谱特性.污泥水荧光性DOM(FDOM)可利用平行因子分析划分为6个荧光组分,分别为类蛋白质组分C1(275/355 nm)、C4(235/350 nm)和C6(275/305 nm),及类腐殖酸组分C2(250,340/440nm)、C3(320/380 nm)和C5(250/465 nm).重力浓缩和机械浓缩污泥水中COD与所有类腐殖酸组分均正显著相关(P0.01),类蛋白质组分对其影响不大.离心脱水污泥水中组分C1、C4和C5含量明显上升.深度脱水污泥水中FDOM荧光峰位置和强度与其它污泥水存在显著差异,C3和C6分别较离心脱水污泥水升高15.63和7.30倍.与浓缩污泥水相比,离心脱水污泥水中多糖和腐殖酸吸收峰增强,而深度脱水污泥水中蛋白质大量释放,金属离子会与腐殖酸和蛋白质络合引起DOM结构变化.     

闽江口互花米草入侵过程对短叶茳芏沼泽沉积物硝化-反硝化作用的影响

2014年4、7、10月和2015年1月在闽江口鳝鱼滩湿地选择未被入侵的短叶茳芏(Cyperus malaccensis)群落(A)、互花米草入侵斑块边缘(B)以及互花米草(Spartina alterniflora)入侵斑块中央(C)为研究对象,基于时空互代研究方法,探讨互花米草入侵序列下湿地沉积物硝化-反硝化变化规律.结果表明:在互花米草入侵序列中,湿地沉积物硝化速率为0.19~1.66μmol·m~(-2)·h~(-1),反硝化速率为12.41~27.19μmol·m~(-2)·h~(-1).沉积物硝化-反硝化作用存在明显的季节变化,硝化速率表现为夏季春季秋季冬季,反硝化速率表现为夏季秋季冬季春季;入侵不同状态下,沉积物硝化速率表现为BCA,反硝化速率表现为CBA.互花米草入侵提高了沉积物-水界面N_2O交换通量.互花米草入侵引起的沉积物pH、NH_4~+-N、含水量、容重和电导率等理化性质的改变是导致不同入侵阶段沉积物硝化-反硝化速率以及N_2O释放差异的重要原因.     

水热法制备玉米叶基生物炭对亚甲基蓝的吸附性能研究

以农业废弃物玉米叶和玉米秆为原材料,采用水热法制备生物炭,通过批试验方法考察了接触时间、污染物初始浓度、生物炭投加量、反应体系温度及溶液p H值等因素对2种生物炭吸附亚甲基蓝的影响,并对吸附规律进行了探讨.吸附动力学拟合结果发现,准二级动力学能更好地拟合吸附过程(R~2=0.9986~0.9999);颗粒内扩散方程拟合结果表明,2种生物炭对亚甲基蓝的吸附由液膜扩散和颗粒内扩散2个过程控制.玉米叶基生物炭对亚甲基蓝的吸附可以通过Freundlich方程来进行拟合(R~2=0.9898),说明吸附在生物炭表面是多分子层吸附过程;而玉米杆基生物炭对亚甲基蓝的吸附更符合Langmuir方程(R~2=0.9825),说明吸附在生物炭表面是单分子层吸附过程.与玉米杆基生物炭相比,玉米叶基生物炭具有更好的吸附性能,拟合理论最大吸附量为玉米杆基生物炭的1.25倍.     

大叶落地生根对铅锌矿山土壤修复富集特征

该文以大叶落地生根为研究对象,采用盆栽方法研究铅锌对其生长速度的影响以及重金属在不同部位积累的情况。研究结果表明：铅锌对大叶落地生根的株高及根系有毒害作用,使得株高下降、根系变短;当土壤中铅锌浓度增大时,叶片和根系内的铅锌含量显著提高且大叶落地生根体内铅锌元素主要累积在根部;锌重金属污染下的植物提取效率远大于对铅重金属污染的植物提取效率,大叶落地生根对铅锌重金属都有较好富集能力。根据大叶落地生根修复前后土壤进行红外光谱和XRD表征可知,发现修复前后供试土壤均含有Si、O等元素且Zn(OH)2化合物在大叶落地生根修复后的衍射峰消失,上述结果为大叶落地生根在铅锌植物修复中的应用有重要的参考意义。     

铜绿微囊藻胁迫对宽叶香蒲叶片光呼吸特性的影响

采用共生培养的实验方法,通过追踪测定宽叶香蒲(Typha latifolia)叶片中叶绿素含量、净光合速率、光呼吸速率及乙醇酸氧化酶(GO)、谷氨酰胺合成酶(GS)及过氧化氢酶(CAT)的活性,研究不同初始密度铜绿微囊藻(Microcystis aeruginosa)对宽叶香蒲叶片光呼吸特性的影响。结果表明,铜绿微囊藻初始密度为1.0×104ind/m L时,宽叶香蒲叶片叶绿素含量、净光合速率、光呼吸速率及GO、GS及CAT的活性增加,说明低密度铜绿微囊藻对宽叶香蒲叶片的光合作用及光呼吸具有促进作用;铜绿微囊藻初始密度为1.0×107ind/m L时,宽叶香蒲叶片净光合速率、光呼吸速率及GO、GS及CAT的活性呈现先增加后降低的趋势,表明经过一段时间培养后,高密度铜绿微囊藻对宽叶香蒲叶片的光合作用和光呼吸呈现出抑制作用。但是在净光合速率急剧降低的时候,光呼吸速率在短时间内仍然维持在一个较高水平,说明宽叶香蒲可能通过维持或增强光呼吸在一定程度上抵抗逆境胁迫。     

河道藻源胞内有机质光化学-生物降解机制

藻细胞破裂后会向水体释放大量的胞内有机质(intracellular dissolved organic matter, I-DOM)。I-DOM在河道中将经历复杂的光降解和生物降解过程,影响其在河道中的迁移转化和环境效应。为了探明光照和微生物对I-DOM的降解机制,开展了光降解、生物降解和光-生物降解实验。结果表明,I-DOM经7 d光降解和生物降解后,溶解性有机碳(dissolved organic carbon, DOC)的去除率分别为70%和81%;虽然光照1 d能去除38%的DOC,但后续生物降解(光-生物降解)与无光照生物降解对DOC的去除效率一致。进一步的研究表明,生物降解过程中的呼吸商(respiratory quotient, RQ)低于光-生物降解过程,说明相比于生物降解过程,光-生物降解过程中经光照后生物呼吸时所利用I-DOM的性质发生了改变,进而影响了生物呼吸时O₂的消耗和CO₂的产生。生物降解过程中微生物主要利用原始的I-DOM分子;而在光-生物降解过程中,生物降解过程的微生物主要利用经光降解转化后的I-DOM分子。...     

产α-淀粉酶菌株液体培养条件的探讨

目的是探讨在液体培养条件下枯草芽胞杆菌(B.subtilis HY-02)降解淀粉的影响因素。方法是设0、0.5%、1%、1.75%四种淀粉浓度的培养基,接种细菌后,在32℃的温箱、水浴、振荡三种条件下培养,连续检测α-淀粉酶活性及淀粉浓度。结果为温箱、水浴培养:96h后,1%淀粉瓶α-淀粉酶活性、分解淀粉最明显,1.75%淀粉瓶存在抑制酶活性的现象。振荡培养:1.75%淀粉瓶优于其他组。结论是初始淀粉浓度、培养方式对枯草芽胞杆菌α-淀粉酶活性影响较大,也直接影响了淀粉的分解。