Fe3O4@SiO2-NH2磁性复合纳米材料对铀(Ⅵ)的吸附性能

采用化学共沉淀法制备Fe_3O_4磁性纳米粒子,利用正硅酸乙酯的水解在其表面包裹SiO_2,以3-氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷(APTES)对复合粒子进行表面氨基化制备出Fe_3O_4@SiO_2-NH_2;采用红外(FT-IR)、扫描电镜(SEM)、磁滞回线等手段对复合粒子进行了表征.结果显示,制备的复合粒子呈微球形,粒径相对均匀,大约在200 nm.并采用静态吸附的方法进行批量实验,研究了该复合纳米材料作为吸附剂在不同条件下对U(Ⅵ)的吸附性能.实验结果表明,固液比1∶200、温度35℃、吸附平衡时间30 min、pH 5的条件下,复合粒子对U(Ⅵ)的吸附效果最佳,为95%左右.准二级动力学模型能更好地描述粒子对U(Ⅵ)的吸附动力学过程;吸附可用Freundich等温模型较好地描述,说明为多分子层吸附.实验表明所制备的氨基化磁性复合纳米粒子对溶液中U(Ⅵ)具有优良的吸附性能,有望成为一种能够有效处理含铀废水的吸附材料.     

有机粘土矿物对水中低浓度菲的吸附性能和机理

分别选用十六烷三甲基溴化铵(HDTMA-Br)、四甲基溴化铵(TMA-Br)、聚乙二醇(PEG)表面活性剂改性天然粘土矿物,研究其对水中低浓度多环芳烃类难降解有机物菲的吸附性能和机理,并讨论了有机粘土的用量对吸附菲的性能的影响,验证了有机粘土矿物吸附菲后的稳定性.3种有机粘土矿物对菲的吸附等温线均呈中凹型,表现为分配系数(Kp)逐渐增大,表明吸附是分配作用和溶剂化效应共同作用的结果.根据Kp及土样有机碳含量(foc)所得的经有机碳归一化的分配系数(Koc)基本为常数,远远高于天然土壤/沉积物的Koc.在相同实验条件下,3种有机粘土矿物中HDTMA改性粘土矿物对菲的吸附性能最强,PEG改性粘土矿物次之,TMA改性粘土矿物最差.     

植物角质层的蜡质组分对甲萘酚的吸附作用

采用批量平衡法,比较研究了苹果角质结合蜡质、分离蜡质和重建蜡质对极性有机污染物甲萘酚的吸附作用,并探讨了不同负载量的重建蜡质的吸附性能,以期为准确预测有机污染物在不同状态蜡质组分上的吸附行为提供依据.结果表明,甲萘酚在苹果角质层、脱蜡角质层、分离蜡质(IW)、重建蜡质(BW)上的等温吸附线呈非线性,符合Freundlich方程.植物蜡质对甲萘酚的吸附作用与蜡质所处状态密切相关,吸附能力(Koc)大小顺序为:重建蜡质(321.2) > 分离蜡质(190.4) > 角质结合蜡质(128.4),表明植物角质层进入土壤后发生演化过程中,其中不易降解的蜡质的吸附能力逐渐增大.重建蜡质(BW)的吸附系数(Kd)与甲萘酚的浓度呈负相关,与蜡质的负载量呈正有关.在低浓度时,甲萘酚的有机碳标化吸附系数Koc值随有机碳含量(foc)增大先增大后减小,存在一些强的特殊作用;而高浓度时, Koc-基本为一常数,不随蜡质负载量而变化,主要吸附机理为分配作用.角质结合蜡质(CW)对角质层的总吸附作用的贡献较小,但随甲萘酚平衡浓度的增大而逐渐增大,并于高浓度时, CW的吸附能力与IW相当.     

机物料中溶解性有机质对土壤吸附除草剂的抑制作用

溶解性有机质(DOM)是陆地及水生生态系统中十分活跃的组分,对有机污染物质的环境行为 (如毒性、迁移转化及生物可降解性等)有着重要的影响,而施用有机物料会释放大量的DOM.采用批量平衡法研究了水稻秸秆腐解产生的溶解性有机质对苄嘧磺隆(BSM)在土壤中吸附行为的抑制作用.结果表明,线性方程能很好地描述BSM在土壤中的吸附行为;添加DOM降低了BSM在土壤中的分配系数即logKd值,其logKd值与对照(不加DOM)间存在极显著差异(P<0.01),秸秆腐解时间越长,logKd值越小;亲水组分和疏水组分在DOM抑制土壤吸附BSM中起着不同的作用;BSM在土壤上的吸附自由能小于40 kJ·mol-1,推测BSM在土壤上主要以物理吸附为主,吸附机理可能有范德华力、疏水键、氢键和偶极键力,不存在化学键吸附作用.     

Incorporating sorption/desorption of organic pollutants into river water quality model

Preliminary research was conducted about how to incorporate sorption/desorption of organic pollutants with suspended solids and sediments into single-chemical and one-dimensional water quality model of Jinghang Canal.Sedimentation-resuspension coefficient k3 was deduced; characteristics of organic pollutants, concentrations and components of suspended solids/sediments and hydrological and hydraulic conditions were integrated into k3 and further into river water quality model; impact of sorption/desorption of organic pollutants with suspended solids and sediments on prediction function of the model was discussed. Results demonstrated that this impact is pronounced for organic pollutants with relatively large Koc and Kow, especially when they are also conservative and foc of riversuspended solids/sediments is high, and that incorporation of sorption/ desorption of organic pollutants into river water quality model can improve its prediction accuracy.     

Photodegradation mechanism of two dyes: the influence of adsorption behavior on the novel TiO2 particles

The relationship between adsorption behavior and photocatalytic mechanism of the two dyes was investigated. Adsorption isotherms showed that the adsorption of cationic pink FG was Langmuir type behavior, while the reactive brilliant red k-2G was Freundlich type behavior. The increasing pH favored the adsorption of FG but have little effect on the photodegradation. The increasing pH favored the adsorption and the photodegradation of k-2G. The presence of scavenger of hvb^ and OH. radical potassium iodide inhibited the degradation of k-2G, free radicals scavenger tetranitromethane inhibited the photodegradation of FG. These results indicated that the photodegradation of FG mainly via free radicals in solution, and the photodegradation of k-2G was mainly on the catalysts surface or near the interface of solid and solution by react with hvb^ and surface-bound OH.. The different effect of SO4^2- , HCO3^- on the adsorption and photodegradation of two dyes confirmed these results.     

Kinetics study of aqueous sorption of phenanthrene to humic acids and sediments

IntroductionThesorptionofhydrophobicorganiccontaminants(HOCs)onnaturalgeosorbentsplaysasignificantroleintheirtransport,degradationandultimatefateintheaquaticenvironment (Alexander,1995 ;Luthy ,1997;Weber,2 0 0 1) .Sincethelate 1970s,theorganicmatter(OM)ha…     

利用矿物材料治理重金属污染

通过矿物的结构特点说明了,矿物材料的净化作用,阐述了粘土矿物、盐类矿物及氧化物矿物对重金属污染物的净化机理。     

Characteristic and mercury adsorption of activated carbon produced by CO2 of chicken waste

Preparation of activated carbon from chicken waste is a promising way to produce a useful adsorbent for Hg removal. A three-stage activation process （drying at 200℃, pyrolysis in N2 atmosphere, followed by CO2 activation） was used for the production of activated samples. The effects of carbonization temperature （409-4500℃）, activation temperature （700-900℃）, and activation time （1-2.5 h） on the physicochemical properties （weight-loss and BET surface） of the prepared carbon wereinvestigated. Adsorptive removal of mercury from real flue gas onto activated carbon has been studied. The activated carbon from chicken waste has the same mercury capacity as commercial activated carbon （Darco LH） （Hg^v： 38.7% vs. 53.5%, Hg^0： 50.5% vs. 68.8%）, although its surface area is around 10 times smaller, 89.5 m^2/g vs. 862 m^2/g. The low cost activated carbon can be produced from chicken waste, and the procedure is suitable.     

氧化石墨烯固化土壤中重金属离子的有效性及界面能特征

以修复土壤中重金属污染物为目标,开展以石英砂为多孔介质材料,氧化石墨烯为吸附剂,在改变重金属种类、重金属污染物浓度、注入氧化石墨烯浓度和渗流速度条件下的土柱穿透试验.首先,对单一重金属的迁移特性及氧化石墨烯对重金属的去除效果和固化机制进行研究.试验表明,改变渗流速度对单一重金属离子(Pb²⁺和Cd²⁺)的迁移影响较小.氧化石墨烯穿透污染土柱时,低重金属污染浓度和高渗流速度会促进氧化石墨烯的迁移,进而促进重金属污染物的迁移.氧化石墨烯对重金属离子(Pb²⁺和Cd²⁺)有很好的去除及固化效果,对铅离子和镉离子的最大固化率为88.2%和63.9%.其次,通过SEM、FTIR、Zeta电势试验发现,氧化石墨烯对重金属离子的吸附机理主要是静电吸引、离子交换和表面络合.通过DLVO理论计算结果可知,负载重金属的氧化石墨烯相较于未负载重金属的氧化石墨烯更易固化在土壤中,其中负载镉离子的氧化石墨烯比负载铅离子的氧化石墨烯更容易固化在土壤中.