利用粉煤灰处理含磷废水的研究

为了解决水体富营养化，以粉煤灰作为吸附剂，对含磷为50－120mg/L模拟废水脱硫的规律特征进行探讨，试验结果表明，粉煤灰是一种有效的吸附剂，在含P浓度为50－120mg/L，粉煤灰用量每50mL为2－2.5g，粒径范围140－160目，pH中性的实验条件下，磷的去除率最高可达99％以上。     

氢氧化镁处理含镍废水的研究

考察了氢氧化镁用量、搅拌时间、温度及pH对处理效果的影响，初步探讨了吸附作用机理。结果表明：氢氧化镁对镍离子具有较强的吸附性能，去除率可达99％以上。吸附等温线符合Langmuir模式，饱和吸附量17．57mg/g。含Cd^2 、Ni^2 和Pb^2 的电镀废水经氢氧化镁吸附后，出水达到国家排放标准。     

溶解性有机质的光谱特征及其对土壤吸附β-HCH的影响

通过考察4种不同来源的溶解性有机质(Dissoived Organic Matter,DOM)的紫外-可见光谱和三维荧光光谱特征,分析DOM的组分及结构,研究它们对β-HCH在土壤中的吸附影响.结果表明,不同来源的DOM具有不同的组成结构,对β-HCH在土壤中的吸附有不同影响.光谱特征分析结果显示,DOM芳香性和疏水性强弱顺序为:营养土A土淤泥B土.研究显示,在去除DOM条件下,土壤对β-HCH吸附量增加,即内源DOM的存在均抑制了土壤对β-HCH的吸附能力,吸附能力与内源DOM组分的亲疏水性有关.外源DOM均能促进土壤对β-HCH的吸附能力,但来源不同,促进土壤吸附β-HCH的能力不同,其吸附能力的强弱排序为:淤泥DOM营养土DOMB土DOM,这是由各土壤DOM的不同组分及不同的疏水性导致的.     

纳滤膜去除内分泌干扰物/医药化合物研究进展

如何有效去除水中内分泌干扰物、医药活性化合物等有机微污染物的研究逐渐增加,其中,纳滤膜由于其较高的去除率得到了广泛关注。但由于纳滤膜去除这些物质的分离机理较为复杂,有时并不明确,给实验带来较大困难。文章总结了纳滤膜去除水中内分泌干扰物/医药活性化合物的典型应用及其三种分离机理——筛分作用、电荷作用、吸附作用,并对去除过程中所产生的问题和解决方案加以总结。为今后纳滤膜去除内分泌干扰物/医药活性化合物的研究提供参考依据。     

Regeneration of 2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol used for carbon dioxide absorption

To improve the efficiency of the carbon dioxide cycling process and to reduce the regeneration energy consumption, a sterically hindered amine of 2-amino-2-methyl-1-propranol (AMP) was investigated to determine its regeneration behavior as a CO_2 absorbent. The CO_2 absorption and amine regeneration characteristics were experimentally examined under various operating conditions. The regeneration efficiency increased from 86.2% to 98.3% during the temperature range of 358 to 403 K. The most suitable regeneration temperature for AMP was 383 K, in this experiment condition, and the regeneration efficiency of absorption/regeneration runs descended from 98.3% to 94.0%. A number of heat-stable salts (HSS) could cause a reduction in CO_2 absorption capacity and regeneration efficiency. The results indicated that aqueous AMP was easier to regenerate with less loss of absorption capacity than other amines, such as, monoethanolamine (MEA), diethanolamine (DEA), diethylenetriamine (DETA), and N-methyldiethanolamine (MDEA).     

Characteristics of isothermal adsorption and desorption of aluminum ion to/from humic acids

The adsorption and desorption characteristics of Al3+ to/from humic acids at di erent pH, ionic strength, and temperature were studied by the C-25 glucosan-gel chromatography method. The results showed that the maximum adsorption amount (Qmax) and adsorption constant (k) increased, whereas, the absolute value of standard thermodynamic molar free energy change ( G0 m) decreased with the increase of pH at constant ionic strength and temperature. With ionic strength increasing from 0 to 0.15 mol/L, Qmax and k increased and the absolute value of G0 m decreased at constant pH and temperature. High temperature was unfavorable for the adsorption reaction, as indicated by the dramatic decrease of Qmax and the absolute value of G0 m with an increase in temperature. The standard thermodynamic molar free energy change ( G0 m) and the standard thermodynamic enthalpy change ( H0m ) of the adsorption reaction were both negative, suggesting that adsorption reaction was spontaneous and exothermic. The desorption rate of HA-Al3+ complex accelerated with the decrease of pH, and a significant linear relationship could be obtained between pH and the desorption rates of Al3+ from humic acids. These results demonstrated that the Al3+ adsorption reaction was a “biphase” reaction, and adsorption occurred at both the interior and exterior adsorption sites of humic acids.     

Adsorption behavior of Azo Dye C. I. Acid Red 14 in aqueous solution on surface soils

Azo dyes have received considerable attention because of their association with various human health problems. The aim of the investigation is to determine the adsorption behavior ofazo dyes in aqueous solution on DG06, GSE17200, and GSE17201 soils using C. I. Acid Red 14 （AR14） as example. The experimental results indicate that the Freundlich model expresses the adsorption isotherm better than the Langmuir model and the pseudo-second-order model achieves adsorption of AR14 on the three soils well. Based on the pseudo-second-order model, the adsorption thermodynamic of AR14 on DG06 soil have been studied and the thermodynamics parameter of AGO is determined and AGO value shows the adsorption process of AR14 on DG06 is mainly physical in nature. Furthermore, the effects of temperature, pH and salinity （NaC1） on adsorption have been investigated. The decrease in pH or the increase in salinity enhances the adsorption of AR14 by DG06, GSE17200, and GSE17201.     

重庆市植烟土壤中镁的化学行为研究

采用原子吸收分光光度计测定经过连续浸提的土样中镁的化学性能.结果表明,重庆市植烟土样中水溶态、可交换态、碳酸盐结合态、有机结合态、残留态镁的含量分别为0.01、0.59、0.15、0.6、0.63cmol/kg,各形态所占的百分比分别为0.5%,29.7%,7.5%,30.3%,32%,均低于0.8～1.6cmol/kg的正常水平.植烟土壤对镁的最大吸附量为1.25mg/g,吸附作用较好,故适量施加镁肥将会促进烟叶质量的提高.     

沸石微波改性及其吸附废水中氨氮性能的研究

以NaCl为改性剂,采用微波辐射方法对天然沸石进行改性,研究NaCl浓度和辐射条件对改性沸石性能的影响,同时为探讨改性沸石对 NH 4的吸附规律,进行了等温吸附试验.研究结果表明:最佳改性条件是微波强度80%、辐射时间10 min、NaCl浓度6%;试验沸石对氨氮具有较高的去除率,对 NH 4的吸附等温线符合 Langmuir公式,且对氨氮吸附量的极限值为10.080 6mg/g.     

土壤对垃圾渗滤液常规离子吸附作用实验研究——以淮南大通垃圾填埋场为例

选定淮南大通垃圾填埋场土壤与垃圾渗滤液,自行设计填埋场土壤与渗滤液间的常规离子吸附作用实验。实验研究结果表明：土壤对Ca2＋、Mg2＋、SO42-的吸附率表现为负吸附,吸附率绝对值较大,并随渗滤液的稀释倍数（n）的增大而减小,呈对数关系;土壤对Cl-的吸附率表现为正吸附,吸附率较小,并随渗滤液的稀释倍数（n）的增大而增大不明显,呈直线关系;深部土壤对不同稀释倍数的渗滤液中的Ca2＋、Mg2＋、SO24-的吸附能力大于浅部土壤,但深部土壤对不同稀释倍数渗滤液中的Cl-的吸附能力与浅部土壤对不同稀释倍数渗滤液中的Cl-的吸附能力几乎一致,都表现为正吸附。