橡胶林在间种砂仁与咖啡的模式下土壤微生物生物量

探讨了橡胶与砂仁、橡胶与咖啡间种和纯橡胶林3种栽培模式下的土壤微生物生物量及其与土壤有机碳和土壤微生物呼吸强度的关系。结果表明,在这3种模式下,土壤微生物生物量平均值由高到低的顺序为:橡胶 砂仁林地>纯橡胶林>橡胶 咖啡林地。其Cmic范围是380.8~568.3 mg/kg。橡胶 咖啡林地土壤微生物生物量在旱季高于雨季,而其余两种林地则在雨季较高。橡胶林间种作物后,林地土壤表现出比纯橡胶林地有较高的土壤微生物生物量和较短的土壤微生物的转化周期,年转化代数较多;同时,间种也大大改善了林内生态环境。     

咖啡为杀人蜂翻案

许多令人毛骨悚然的生物频频出现在影视片中,使得它们的名声大振,杀人蜂的名声也是通过恐怖影片《杀人蜂》而获得了巨大的知名度。影片中的杀人蜂出现在美洲,其实它的原产地在非洲,所以杀人蜂这个名字不过是它们的绰号,它们的本名叫“非洲蜂”。因为非洲蜂能采蜜迅速,它们被带往巴西,人们想利用它们来培育新的优良蜜蜂,结果产生了可怕的后果,一种肆虐美洲的新型杀人蜂出     

最小尺寸的咖啡环效应可用于生物检测

将咖啡溅在桌上时,稍稍留心液体蒸发后咖啡液滴留下的印记,你会发现,液滴边缘位置形成了一个比中间区域颜色要深得多的暗环,这意味着在边缘位置沉积的咖啡小颗粒浓度比中间区域的浓度要高得多。这种不均匀沉积的现象被称作咖啡环效应。     

Chemical oxygen demand reduction in coffee wastewater through chemical flocculation and advanced oxidation processes

The removal of the natural organic matter present in coffee processing wastewater through chemical coagulation-flocculation and advanced oxidation processes （AOP） had been studied. The effectiveness of the removal of natural organic matter using commercial flocculants and UV/H202, UV/O3 and UV/H2O2/O3 processes was determined under acidic conditions. For each of these processes, different operational conditions were explored to optimize the treatment efficiency of the coffee wastewater. Coffee wastewater is characterized by a high chemical oxygen demand （COD） and low total suspended solids. The outcomes of coffee wastewater treatment using coagulation-flocculation and photodegradation processes were assessed in terms of reduction of COD, color, and turbidity. It was found that a reduction in COD of 67% could be realized when the coffee wastewater was treated by chemical coagulation-flocculation with lime and coagulant T-1. When coffee wastewater was treated by coagulation-flocculation in combination with UV/H2O2, a COD reduction of 86% was achieved, although only after prolonged UV irradiation. Of the three advanced oxidation processes considered, UV/H2O2, UV/O3 and UV/H2O2/O3, we found that the treatment with UV/H2O2/O3 was the most effective, with an efficiency of color, turbidity and further COD removal of 87%, when applied to the flocculated coffee wastewater.