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991.
不同土地利用类型下土壤特性及重金属评价 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
在哈尔滨市周家镇选择典型的五种土地利用类型(耕地、居民点及工矿用地、交通用地、林地、水域),24个样品,研究乡级小城镇不同土地利用类型下土壤特性及重金属状况.结果显示:(1)耕地的土壤理化性状最低,有机质与全氮有显著的正相关;(2)乡级小城镇不同土地利用类型下土壤中Zn、Pb含量存在显著差异,交通用地与耕地含量较高,同时各土地利用类型的内梅罗综合污染指数均达到中污染;(3)人类活动对土壤质量影响最大的是交通活动,其次是耕地施肥、使用农药及翻耕等,在次是居民生活. 相似文献
992.
Adsorption of chloroacetanilide herbicides on homoionic montmorillonite, soil humic acid, and their mixtures was studied by coupling batch equilibration and FT-IR analysis. Adsorption isotherms of acetochlor, alachlor, metolachlor and propachlor on Ca2+-, Mg2+ -. Al3+ -and Fe3+ -saturated clays were well described by the Freundlich equation. Regardless of the type of exchange cations, Kf decreased in the order of metolachlor > acetolachlor > alachlor > propachlor on the same clay. FT-IR spectra showed that the carbonyl group of the herbicide molecule was involved in binding, probably via H-bond with water molecules in the clay interlayer. The type and position of substitutions around the carbonyl group may have affected the electronegativity of oxygen, thus influencing the relative adsorption of these herbicides. For the same herbicide, adsorption on clay increased in the order of Mg2+ < Ca2+ < Al3+ ≤ Fe3+ which coincided with the iucreasing aciditv of homoionic clays. Acidity of cations may have affected the protonation of water, and thus the strength of H-bond between the clay water and herbicide. Complexation of clay and humic acid resulted in less adsorption than that expected from independent adsorption by the individual constituents. The effect varied with herbicides, but the greatest decrease in adsorption occurred at a 60:40 clay-to-humic acid ratio for all the herbicides. Causes for the decreased adsorption need to be characterized to better understand adsorption mechanisms and predict adsorption from soil compositions. 相似文献
993.
14C-甲磺隆在土壤中的可提态残留、结合态残留和矿化 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
在实验室培养条件下,从质量平衡角度,研究了14C-甲磺隆在7种土壤中形成结合残留(14C-BR)、可提态残留(14C-ER)以及矿化为14CO2的规律;同时对14C-BR的主要影响因子及其在腐殖质中的分布规律进行了研究.结果表明:①14C-甲磺隆在土壤中形成的14C-ER,其含量与土壤pH呈显著正相关.甲磺隆母体化合物在7种土壤中 的半减期为13.3~66.6d,降解速率常数λ(d-1)与pH呈显著负相关.②14C-甲磺隆在7种土壤中形成的14C-BR,其含量在培养初期的20d内,与土壤pH呈显著负相关且与土壤粘粒含量呈显著正相关;而培养20d后,14C-BR的含量只与土壤pH呈显著负相关.pH是04C-甲磺隆在土壤中形成BR的主要影响因子.14C-甲磺隆在7种土壤中的14C-BR的最大值约为引入量的19.3%~52.6%.③在整个培养试验过程中,7种土壤中的14C-BR主要分布在富啡酸和胡敏素中,但其分布在胡敏酸中的相对百分比较小.因此,在14C-甲磺隆形成BR的过程中,富啡酸的作用>胡敏素>胡敏酸.④在整个培养试验期间(180d),14C-甲磺隆在7种土壤中通过三嗪杂环开环矿化为14CO2的量约占引入量的12.9%~27.0%,其在碱性土壤中更难被矿化为14CO2. 相似文献
994.
Speciation and fractionation of heavy metals in soil subsamples experimentally loaded with Pb, Cd, Cu and Zn in orthogonal design was investigated by sequential extraction, and operationally defined as water-soluble and exchangeable(SE), weakly specific adsorbed( WSA),Fe and Mn oxides-bound(OX) and organic-bound( ORG). The results showed that fractions of heavy metals in the soil subsamples depended on their speciation. About 90% of Cd and 75% of Zn existed in soil subsamples in the SE fraction. Lead and Cu existed in soil subsamples as SE, WSA and OX fractions simultaneously, although SE was still the major fraction. Organic-bound heavy metals were not clearly apparent in all the soil subsamples. The concentration of some heavy metal fractions in soil subsamples showed the good correlation with ionic impulsion of soil, especially for the SE fraction. Continuous saturation of soil subsamples with 0.20 mol/L NH4CI, which is the first step for determination of the negative surface charge of soil by the ion retention method, resulted in desorption of certain heavy metals from the soil. It was found that the percentage desorption of heavy metals from soil subsamples depended greatly on pH, the composition and original heavy metal content of the soil subsamples. However, most of the heavy metals in the soil subsamples were still be retained after multiple saturation. Compared with the parent soil, the negative surface charge of soil subsamples loaded with heavy metals did not show difference significantly from that of the parent one by statistical analysis. Heavy metals existed in the soil subsamples mainly as exchangeable and precipitated simultaneously. 相似文献
995.
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999.
本文通过对海河流域土壤中硫及其形态含量的分析结果,计算出该流域土壤中硫的库存量为7.90×10^kg。并以径流带入量,成土母质,人畜粪,化肥施入量,大气降尘及植物的残留量等因素为对土壤中硫的贡献;同时,以径流的带出,大气的扬尘量及植物体茎,叶因素为硫的迁出部分,以计算出海河流域土体中硫的进出量为0.68×10^9kg/yr,1.71×10^9kg/yr,以此来研究其流通关系。 相似文献
1000.
开发沸石矿用于农业的经济评价 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
我国沸石矿资源丰富。开发利用沸石矿于农业,可增产粮食400亿公斤,加上节约化肥和用作饲料添加剂等方面,年经济效益为496.25亿元。因此,开发利用沸石矿于农业具有重大的经济意义,从促进我国粮食生产上新台阶的角度考虑,则具有重大的战略意义。 相似文献