三峡水库香溪河库湾拟多甲藻的昼夜垂直迁移特性

2008年4月3日08:00—4日08:00在三峡水库香溪河库湾5个监测点对拟多甲藻(Peridiniopsis sp.)进行了24 h连续监测,以研究拟多甲藻的昼夜垂直迁移特性,并解释拟多甲藻水华表层水体表观颜色昼夜变化的原因. 结果表明:拟多甲藻在12 m水深以上水柱中存在明显的周期性昼夜垂直迁移特性,00:00—16:00拟多甲藻向表层水体迁移并聚集,最大上移速度约为2 m/h;16:00—00:00拟多甲藻向下部水体迁移,最大下移速度约为4 m/h;拟多甲藻的昼夜垂直迁移是导致拟多甲藻水华表层水体表观颜色不断变化的主要原因. 水体中各层叶绿素a质量浓度〔ρ(Chla)〕昼夜变化较大,用单层ρ(Chla)不足以评价藻类水华暴发程度;均深叶绿素a质量浓度〔ρ(A.D. Chla)〕的昼夜变化不大,能够综合表征藻类迁移水柱中藻类的现存量,可以作为河道型水库拟多甲藻水华暴发程度的评价指标.      

平流式二沉池三维数值模拟分析

采用Fluent15.0软件对城市污水处理厂的平流式二沉池进行模拟分析。选取RNG k-ε模型和欧拉双流体模型,利用加拿大温莎大学Imam实验数据验证了该模型的准确性。基于该模型,以出水悬浮物浓度(ESS)和异重流比例为表征指标,对影响二沉池沉淀效率的3个因素——污泥颗粒粒径、表面溢流率和挡板比例进行分析。结果表明:污泥颗粒粒径影响泥水分离的效果,模拟实验得到的最佳颗粒粒径为300μm。表面溢流率对出水悬浮物浓度值影响较大,随表面溢流率增大出水悬浮物浓度值和异重流比例呈非线性急剧增加。同时,二沉池中最佳的挡板比例为60%,此结构不仅有利于能量的耗散和异重流比例的减小,而且能保证较低的出水悬浮物浓度值。     

钢铁企业含铁尘泥处理与利用工艺

介绍钢铁企业含铁尘泥的处理、利用工艺及其特点,提出含铁尘泥利用应采取必要的均质化和除杂工艺,并尽可能缩短其处理流程,发挥含铁尘泥的最大利用价值。     

基于模型确认的ASAAC标准均温板模块热响应分析研究

军用电子设备朝着高精度、小体积、轻量化快速发展,导致设备的热流密度越来越高,无法散出的热量会损伤元器件的使用寿命。均温板优异的导热性能,使其在军用领域受到越来越多的关注和研究,本文通过仿真分析及模型确认,对ASAAC模块（内嵌均温板）展开热分析研究,研究结果表明,将ASAAC模块上关键传热路径上的铝合金(6061)更换为均温板后,内部发热器件的平均温度更低,温差更小,温度均匀性更高,散热性能得到显著改善。文中采用的模型确认方法及均温板等效导热系数值可为同类产品的优化设计及验证提供参考。     

Heterogeneous Fenton degradation of azo dyes catalyzed by modified polyacrylonitrile fiber Fe complexes：QSPR (quantitative structure peorperty relationship) study

The amidoximated polyacrylonitrile (PAN) fiber Fe complexes were prepared and used as the heterogeneous Fenton catalysts for the degradation of 28 anionic water soluble azo dyes in water under visible irradiation. The multiple linear regression (MLR) method was employed to develop the quantitative structure property relationship (QSPR) model equations for the decoloration and mineralization of azo dyes. Moreover, the predictive ability of the QSPR model equations was assessed using Leave-one-out (LOO) and cross-validation (CV) methods. Additionally, the effect of Fe content of catalyst and the sodium chloride in water on QSPR model equations were also investigated. The results indicated that the heterogeneous photo-Fenton degradation of the azo dyes with different structures was conducted in the presence of the amidoximated PAN fiber Fe complex. The QSPR model equations for the dye decoloration and mineralization were successfully developed using MLR technique. MW/S (molecular weight divided by the number of sulphonate groups) and NN=N (the number of azo linkage) are considered as the most important determining factor for the dye degradation and mineralization, and there is a significant negative correlation betweenMW/S or NN=N and degradation percentage or total organic carbon (TOC) removal. Moreover, LOO and CV analysis suggested that the obtained QSPR model equations have the better prediction ability. The variation in Fe content of catalyst and the addition of sodium chloride did not alter the nature of the QSPR model equations.     

Ultrasound enhanced heterogeneous activation of peroxydisulfate by bimetallic Fe-Co/GAC catalyst for the degradation of Acid Orange 7 in water

Bimetallic Fe-Co/GAC （granular activated carbon） was prepared and used as heterogeneous catalyst in the ultrasound enhanced heterogeneous activation of peroxydisulfate （PS, S2O8 2-） process. The effect of initial pH, PS concentration, catalyst addition and stirring rate on the decolorization of Acid Orange 7 （AO7） was investigated. The results showed that the decolorization efficiency increased with an increase in PS concentration from 0.3 to 0.5 g/L and an increase in catalyst amount from 0.5 to 0.8 g/L. But further increase in PS concentration and catalyst addition would result in an unpronounced increase in decolorization efficiency. In the range of 300 to 900 r/min, stirring rate had little effect on AO7 decolorization. The catalyst stability was evaluated by measuring decolorization efficiency for four successive cycles.     

活性炭对天然水体中甲基对硫磷和三氯乙烯的吸附特性研究

采用序批式试验研究了3种粉末活性炭(PAC)对天然水体中甲基对硫磷(MP)和三氯乙烯(TCE)的吸附平衡特性,利用均相表面扩散模型(HSDM)对不同投炭量下的吸附动力学进行拟合与预测,并探讨了天然有机物(NOM)对MP、TCE在PAC上的竞争吸附效应.研究结果表明,天然水体条件下,3种PAC对MP和TCE的吸附符合Langmuir模型和Freundlich模型;MP比TCE更易于被PAC吸附;3种PAC对MP、TCE的吸附能力由大到小依次为YK炭、SL炭和JC炭;HSDM模型可以很好地对吸附动力学进行拟合,并能够有效地预测不同投炭量时的吸附动力学;天然水体中的NOM会与MP和TCE在PAC上发生竞争吸附,NOM对MP的竞争吸附作用相对TCE更为显著.     

NO2对SO2/H2O/空气体系气溶胶成核过程的影响

为研究NO₂对SO₂/H₂O/空气体系气溶胶成核过程的影响,采用纳米扫描迁移率粒子粒径谱仪(Nano-SMPS),对NO₂/SO₂/H₂O/空气混合气体在X-射线作用下生成粒子的粒径和浓度进行测量. 结果表明,粒子的粒径在2.0~63.8 nm之间,最高数浓度可达到1.4×107 cm-3. 成核粒子谱的分布呈双峰模式,其中一个谱峰中心位置在4.0 nm附近,另一个在7.0~14.6 nm之间,分别对应于均相成核和离子诱导成核两种过程. 在均相成核方面,NO₂和SO₂均能参与气溶胶成核,而对气溶胶的生长没有明显影响,粒子的粒径主要集中在4.0 nm附近. 在离子诱导成核方面,当混合气体中φ(SO₂)低于2.12×10-6时,加入NO₂可促进粒子生成;而当超过该值时,NO₂的加入反而会降低气溶胶成核粒子的总数浓度. 当φ(SO₂)为3.61×10-6时,在φ(NO₂)分别为0.13×10-6、0.18×10-6和0.84×10-6的条件下,气溶胶成核粒子的总数浓度比不含NO₂下分别减少了25.9%、33.1%和49.0%. 研究显示,NO₂和SO₂对·OH的反应竞争作用是影响NO₂/SO₂/H₂O/空气体系气溶胶成核的重要机制.      

基于SSA-MGF的偏最小二乘回归神经网络的预报模型

本文采用奇异谱分析（Singular Spectrum Analysis,SSA）方法对原始降水序列重构,并用均生函数（Mean Generating Function, MGF）方法对重构系列构造延拓矩阵,以此作为自变量,原始降水序列作为因变量, 再利用偏最小二乘法提取对因变量影响强的成分作为神经网络的输入因子,原始序列作为输出因子,建立神经网络预测模型.通过对广西全区6月份降水量进行实际建模并与其它方法进行对比预测试验,结果表明,基于SSA-MGF的偏最小二乘回归神经网络预测模型较好,是一种具有较高应用价值的预测方法.     

东北玉米热量指数预测方法研究(Ⅳ)——均生函数预测方法

均生函数预测方法是开展环境要素变化趋势预测的有效方法之一。通过对东北地区玉米热量指数的分析,建立了热量指数时间变化趋势的均生函数预测模型,各模型预测的平均精度基本都达到95%以上,与逐步回归统计模型一致,但普遍要好于GM(1,1)模型,同样可以应用该模型的预测结果指导农业生产。