青石造山观光车

在四川“石牌坊之乡”隆昌县，有位年轻人用35块青石打造一辆旅游观光车。     

微孔沸石球的制备及其氨氮去除效率优化研究

以硅酸盐水泥为粘结剂,分别选取淀粉、葡萄糖、活性炭、壳聚糖为造孔剂,采用蒸压养护和高温烧结的方法制备微孔沸石球,研究了硅酸盐水泥含量、烧结温度、造孔剂种类和物料配比对沸石球的氨氮去除率、强度的影响。通过层次分析法筛选出最佳制备条件:物料配比为(100∶10∶5)(沸石∶水泥∶活性炭),1.2 MPa下蒸压养护6 h,烧结温度500℃,烧结时间2 h。制备的微孔沸石球对废水中氨氮去除率达到31.71%,强度为1.04 MPa。     

天津滨海新区围填海工程对海洋资源影响评价

总结了天津滨海新区围填海工程的概况,建立了天津滨海新区围填海工程对海洋资源影响的评价指标体系,运用层次分析法和德尔菲法相结合的方法得到了天津滨海新区围填海工程对海洋资源影响评价指标的权重,提出了围填海工程对海洋资源影响的评价标准,对天津滨海新区围填海工程的海洋资源(港航资源、渔业资源、旅游资源、空间资源和其他资源)影响进行了综合评价。评价结果表明:天津滨海新区围填海工程对海洋资源影响一般,可以进行适度的围填海工程。     

1998～2003年卫星反演的中国陆架海叶绿素a浓度变化分析

利用1998~2003年SeaWiFS反演计算出的叶绿素a浓度数据,对中国陆架海叶绿素a浓度分布的规律和机理进行了分析探讨。结果表明,不同海区叶绿素a的浓度在各年间基本呈周期变化,每年随季节不同而变化。SeaWiFS反演的叶绿素a浓度分布情况与前人现场调查的结果较为一致,更为直观地揭示了中国陆架海的水文物理特征。遥感方法作为海洋科学研究的重要手段,更具应用前景。     

我国近岸海域微生物源示踪监测技术的研发

通过对我国近岸海域陆源性非点源污染污染贡献率及其危害性剧增现状的分析,强调了在我国开展污染源示踪检测技术研发的必要性。在总结了国外治理非点源污染的经验———微生物源示踪技术研究和应用现状的基础上,介绍了我国近岸海域微生物源示踪检测技术研发的设计思想。从而阐明,传统的环境监测指标和方法已不能满足发展的需要,集监测、溯源和示踪为一体,适应于我国国情的近岸海域非点源污染源监测技术的研发势在必行。     

Vertical and temporal distribution of nitrogen and phosphorus and relationship with their influencing factors in aquatic-terrestrial ecotone： a case study in Taihu Lake, China

Vertical and temporal distributions of N and P in soil solution in aquatic-terrestrial ecotone （ATE） of Taihu Lake were investigated, and the relations among N, P, ORP （oxidation reduction potential）, TOC, root system biomass and microorganism were studied. As a whole, significant declines in TN, NO3^--N, DON （dissolved organic nitrogen） and TP concentration in soil solution have occurred with increase of the depth, and reached their minima at 60 cm depth, except for NH4^＋-N, which increased with depth. The concentration of TP increased gradually from spring to winter in the topsoil, the maximum 0.08 mg/L presented in the winter while the minimum 0.03 mg/L in spring. In the deeper layer, the concentration value of TP fluctuated little. As for the NO3^--N, its seasonal variation was significant at 20 cm depth, its concentration increased gradually from spring to autumn, and decreased markedly in winter. Vertical and temporal distribution of DON is contrary to that of NO3^--N. The results also show that the variation of N and P in the percolate between adjacent layers is obviously different. The vertical variation ofTN, TP, NO3^--N, NH4^＋-N and DON is significant, of which the variation coefficient of NO3^--N along the depth reaches 100.23%, the highest; while the variation coefficient of DON is 41.14%, the smallest. The results of correlation analysis show that the concentration of nitrogen and phosphorus correlate significantly with TOC, ORP, root biomass and counts of nitrifying bacteria. Most nutrients altered much from 20 to 40 cm along the depth. However, DON changed more between 60 and 80 cm. Results show that soil of 0-60 cm depth is active rhizoplane, with strong capability to remove the nitrogen and phosphorus in ATE. It may suggest that there exists the optimum ecological efficiency in the depth of above 60 cm in reed wetland. This will be very significant for ecological restoration and reestablishment.     

围填海整治经验与启示：以海口市葫芦岛项目整治工程为例

围填海活动是人类向海洋索取活动空间、缓解人地矛盾的重要途径之一,然而,无序、无度地开发对海洋生态环境产生了不利影响。随着围填海带来的海洋生态环境恶化问题日益凸显和社会公众生态环境保护意识的提高,对不合理的围填海工程开展整治工作刻不容缓。中央生态环境保护督察是党的十八大以来,生态文明建设推出的重要改革举措。以中央生态环境保护督察反馈的海南省违法围填海项目后开展的首个整改项目——海口市葫芦岛项目重点整治工程为例,回顾分析其典型做法和经验,为全国类似围填海项目的整治提供借鉴。     

苏北浅滩腰沙围填海控制线研究

围填海控制线是在工程可行的前提下,不显著改变区域海洋动力格局和岸滩演变趋势的最大围填外包络线,能够最大限度地协调围填海与海洋资源环境保护之间的关系。以苏北浅滩腰沙为例,在对围填海控制性因素进行筛选、识别与分析的基础上,根据各控制性因素的控制要求,设计了围填海控制性指标。应用潮流数值模拟和泥沙回淤预测技术,采用分层次筛选和迭代逼近的方法,构建围填海控制线迭代优选模型,分析不同围填海方案对海洋动力格局演变的影响,计算得到腰沙的围填海控制线为理论基面+28 m。提出的研究方法和迭代优选模型可为沿海省市围填海控制线的制定提供参考和方法借鉴,为制定围填海规模总量控制指标提供科学依据     

石墨气体扩散电极的制备与性能优化

电极的制备工艺及参数直接影响电极材料的活性。主要考察了C/PTFE质量比、碾压压力、煅烧温度、造孔剂NH4HCO3及稀土掺杂等因素对电极产出H2O2的影响规律。研究结果表明,电极最佳制备条件为:石墨和PTFE质量比为2∶1、石墨、造孔剂和稀土元素质量比为6∶1∶1、碾压压力10 MPa、煅烧温度330℃。在pH=3、电解质Na2SO4浓度为0.05mol/L条件下,电解2 h后,改性电极产生的H2O2从95 mg/L提高到350 mg/L,提高了268.4%。