石漠化山地复合生态系统评价——以广西平果县龙何屯生态重建示范区为例

以广西平果县龙何生态重建示范区的石漠化山地复合生态系统为例,依据试验研究及专家咨询的结果,构建了一个基于自然子系统、社会子系统、经济子系统的评价指标体系,采用层次分析法对指标体系中各指标的权重值进行了分析,应用指数评价模型对石漠化山地复合生态系统进行综合评估。层次分析结果表明,植被覆盖率、人类活动强度、物种多样性、物质生活指数、石漠化程度、水土流失程度等指标的权重值较大,是石漠化山地复合生态系统的重要影响因子;指数评价模型的评价结果表明,石漠化山地复合生态系统的总体质量较差,但通过生态示范区建设,改善复合生态系统中的植被状况,改善农业生产条件和推广先进农业技术,提高系统中人类的生活水平,可以使复合生态系统中社会、经济、环境3个子系统的转运功能逐渐趋于协调,总体质量逐渐好转。     

无机-有机复合絮凝剂PST处理印染废水效果研究

以模拟印染废水和实际印染废水为实验对象,检验了一种新合成有机-无机复合絮凝剂(PST)的絮凝效果。结果表明,PST具有良好的絮凝性能。在受试条件下,絮凝效果与絮凝剂投加量、染料浓度有较大相关性。废水的pH值应用范围较宽;搅拌时间对COD去除率和脱色率没有显著影响。采用PST处理广东省高明市某印染厂的印染废水后,COD去除率为75.16%,脱色率为76.18%,处理效果良好,处理成本明显低于目前市场上普遍使用的聚铝等絮凝剂。     

Application of magnetic particles modified with amino groups to adsorb copper ions in aqueous solution

A magnetic adsorbent can be easily recovered from treated water by magnetic force,without requiring further downstream treatment.In this research,amine-functionalized silica magnetite has been synthesized using N-[3-(trimethoxysilyl)propyl]-ethylenediamine(TPED) as a surface modification agent.The synthesized magnetic amine adsorbents were used to adsorb copper ions in an aqueous solution in a batch system,and the maximum adsorption was found to occur at pH 5.5 ± 0.1.The adsorption equilibrium data fitted t...     

TiO2 nanotubes as solid-phase extraction adsorbent for the determination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in environmental water samples

An analytical method based on TiO2 nanotubes solid-phase extraction (SPE) combined with gas chromatography (GC) was established for the analysis of seven polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs): acenaphtylene, acenaphthene, anthracene, fluorene, phenanthrene, fluoranthene and pyrene. Factors a ecting the extraction e ciency including the eluent type and its volume, adsorbent amount, sample volume, sample pH and sample flow rate were optimized. The characteristic data of analytical performance were determined to investigate the sensitivity and precision of the method. Under the optimized extraction conditions, the method showed good linearity in the range of 0.01–0.8 g/mL, repeatability of the extraction (RSD were between 6.7% and 13.5%, n = 5) and satisfactory detection limits (0.017–0.059 ng/mL). The developed method was successfully applied to the analysis of surface water (tap, river and dam) samples. The recoveries of PAHs spiked in environmental water samples ranged from 90% to 100%. All the results indicated the potential application of titanate nanotubes as solid-phase extraction adsorbents to pre-treat water samples.     

Removal of heavy metal ions from aqueous solution using red loess as an adsorbent

The adsorption behaviors of heavy metals onto novel low-cost adsorbent, red loess, were investigated. Red loess was characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectra. The results indicated that red loess mainly consisted of silicate, ferric and aluminum oxides. Solution pH, adsorbent dosage, initial metal concentration, contact time and temperature significantly influenced the efficiency of heavy metals removal. The adsorption reached equilibrium at 4 hr, and the experimental equilibrium data were fitted to Langmuir monolayer adsorption model. The adsorption of Cu(II) and Zn(II) onto red loess was endothermic, while the adsorption of Pb(II) was exothermic. The maximum adsorption capacities of red loess for Pb(II), Cu(II) and Zn(II) were estimated to be 113.6, 34.2 and 17.5 mg/g, respectively at 25°C and pH 6. The maximum removal efficiencies were 100% for Pb(II) at pH 7, 100% for Cu(II) at pH 8, and 80% for Zn(II) at pH 8. The used adsorbents were readily regenerated using dilute HC1 solution, indicating that red loess has a high reusability. All the above results demonstrated that red loess could be used as a possible alternative low-cost adsorbent for the removal of heavy metals from aqueous solution.     

Preparation and coagulation efficiency of polyaluminium ferric silicate chloride composite coagulant from wastewater of high-purity graphite production

The aim of the present work was to produce a polyaluminium ferric silicate chloride (PAFSiC) coagulant from acidic and alkaline wastewater of purifying graphite by roasting, and subsequently to evaluate coagulation efficiency of the reagent by treating surface water from the Yellow River as well as municipal wastewater in comparison with the conventional coagulant polyaluminium chloride (PAC). The PAFSiC coagulant was prepared by co-polymerization. The effects of (Al+Fe)/Si molar ratio, OH/(Al+Fe) molar ratio (i.e., value), coagulant dosage and pH value of test suspension on the coagulation behavior of FAFSiC and the stability of the PAFSiC were also examined. Results showed that PAFSiC performed more efficiently than PAC in removing turbidity, chemical oxygen demand (COD), and total phosphate (TP). The PAFSiC with a value of 2.0 and (Al+Fe)/Si ratio of 5 (PAFSiC 2.0/5) showed excellent coagulation effect for both turbidity and COD, while PAFSiC 1.0/5 was the best for TP. The optimum coagulation pH range of PAFSiC 2.0/5 was 5.0–9.0, slightly wider than that of PAC (6.0–8.0). The process can be easily incorporated into high-purity graphite production plants, thereby reducing wastewater pollution and producing a valuable coagulant.     

神奇的哈尼稻田

云南红河州是哈尼梯田的"故乡",也是梯田文化重要的发源地之一。哈尼梯田是以哈尼族为主的红河州各族人民倾注了数十代的智慧与心力,历经1300多年开垦而成的生态农业奇观,它不仅是一幅气势恢宏的农耕山水画卷,更是世界农耕文明的典范和宝贵遗产。在2010年百年不遇的大旱面前,哈尼梯田依然保持了青山绿     

响应面法优化复合微生物吸附剂对低浓度Cr3+的吸附

根据已有4种微生物吸附剂的吸附基团存在的差异特征,将其复配成复合吸附剂,借助统计学方法研究其对低ρ(Cr3+)废水的吸附性能.在单因素试验基础上,利用P-B(Plackett-Burman)法筛选出吸附过程4个主要影响因素分别为pH,初始ρ(Cr3+)及微生物吸附剂XB和TQ的投加量,应用最陡爬坡试验接近主要因素最优水平,采用Box-Behnken试验设计和响应面分析得到对低浓度Cr3+吸附过程的二阶模型.结果表明,最优吸附条件为pH 4.0,初始ρ(Cr3+)为4.86mg/L,XB和TQ的投加量分别为0.20和0.13 g/L,实际吸附率达到87.54%,与理论预测值(87.68%)接近,且高出单一吸附剂吸附率7.79%～17.35%.FT-IR扫描显示,复合微生物吸附剂性能提高与表面基团增多有关.通过响应面分析法优化复合微生物吸附,吸附性能明显提高.     

EDTA对Pb、Cd及Pb-Cd处理下茼蒿中叶绿素的影响

通过盆栽模拟试验研究了Pb、Cd及Pb-Cd复合污染土壤添加EDTA(乙二胺四乙酸)对茼蒿中叶绿素的影响.结果表明,高浓度的EDTA对茼蒿中叶绿素的含量影响大,致使叶绿素结构破坏、叶片失绿,甚至叶片全部枯萎.在Pb处理的土壤中,EDTA的添加水平为2.5 mmol/kg时,茼蒿中叶绿素a、叶绿素b、叶绿素a+b的含量比...     

吸附剂烟气脱砷的研究现状

大气砷污染问题日益引起人们的重视,吸附剂能够在去除烟气中砷的同时去除其他有害气体,是控制烟气砷含量、防止砷污染的有效途径.文章分析了砷在废气中的形态及分布,总结了近年来氧化钙、活性炭、飞灰和金属氧化物作为吸附剂用于烟气脱砷的最新研究进展,重点分析了各自的吸附机理及不同因素对脱砷过程的影响.指出吸附过程通常以化学吸附为主...