物化联合预处理工艺处理高浓度中成药浓缩废水效能研究

针对中成药浓缩液粘稠度高、色度高、有机物含量高的问题,开发了“铁碳微电解+芬顿(Fenton)氧化+混凝沉淀”预处理工艺。结果表明：在pH为2、反应时间为2 h的条件下,铁碳微电解工艺的COD_Cr去除率达到54.5%;在H₂O₂投加量为1.0%、反应时间为2 h的条件下,芬顿工艺段的COD_Cr去除率达55.8%。混凝沉淀工艺进一步提高了COD_Cr去除效果,联合预处理工艺对COD_Cr的总去除率达到88.9%,出水COD_Cr浓度小于3 000 mg/L,废水可生化性由0.12提高至0.32。     

Dechlorination of carbon tetrachloride by the catalyzed Fe-Cu process

The electrochemical reduction characteristics of carbon tetrachloride (CT) were investigated using cyclic voltammetry in this study. In addition, the difference in reduction mechanisms of CT between Master Builders' iron and the catalyzed Fe-Cu process was discussed. The results showed that CT was reduced directly on the surface of copper rather than by atomic hydrogen produced at the cathode in the catalyzed Fe-Cu process. The reduction was realized largely by atomic hydrogen in Master Builders' iron. The entire CT in 350 ml aqueous solution with 320 mgL was reduced to trichloromethane and dichloromethane in 2.25 h when 100 g of scrap iron with FeCu ratio of 10:1 (ww) were used. Moreover, the reduction rate slowed with time. CT could be reduced at acidic, neutral and alkaline pH from solution by Fe-Cu bimetallic media, but the mechanisms were di?erent. The degradation rate was not significantly in?uenced by pH in the catalyzed Fe-Cu process; in Master Builders' iron it clearly increased with decreasing pH. The kinetics of the reductions followed pseudo-first order in both cases. Furthermore, the reductions under acidic conditions proceeded faster than that under the neutral and alkaline conditions. The catalyzed Fe-Cu process was superior to Master Builders' iron in treating CT-containing water and this advantage was particularly noticeable under alkaline conditions. The reduction was investigated in the cathode (Cu) and anode (Fe) compartments respectively, the results showed that the direct reduction pathway played an important role in the reduction by the catalyzed Fe-Cu process. The catalyzed Fe-Cu process is of practical value.     

铁-碳微电解/改进硫化钠沉淀法处理综合电镀废水

综合电镀废水中含有多种有害的重金属离子,其有效处理是备受关注的问题之一.本文采用铁-碳微电解/改进硫化钠沉淀法处理综合电镀废水,研究Fe/C摩尔比、Na2 S投加量以及废水最终pH对残余重金属离子含量的影响.结果表明,当Fe/C摩尔比为1:1.14,Na2 S投加量为0.29 g/L,最终pH为7.0时,在常温下反应1...     

高效选择性除铯的PVDF复合膜制备及优化

为实现对放射性核素铯(Cs)的高效去除,本研究基于表面接枝技术利用均苯三甲酰氯(TMC)在羟基化的PVDF微滤/超滤膜表面接枝了一层氨基化SiO2,并通过SiO2表面的氨基基团与Fe3+结合实现亚铁氰化铁(Ferrocyanide,FeCN)的负载,从而制备了FeCN/SiO2/PVDF复合膜.基于膜表面的SEM与XP...     

催化铁内电解法预处理对后续生物过程的影响

本文研究了催化铁内电解预处理对后续生物反应器中活性污泥以及微生物的影响。经催化铁内电解处理后的污水带有大量的Fe^2＋和Fe^3＋进入生物处理阶段,EPS中蛋白质与多糖的比值提高,活性污泥的沉降性能也得以改善,沉降速度比对照组提高4．2倍;Fe^3＋使微生物物种多样性增加,与EPS的结合形式,改善了菌体之间的连接,增强了污泥对污染物的吸附和絮凝,EPS中吸咐污染物比对照组多约12．5mgTOC／gVSS。     

镀铜铁内电解预处理含酚废水的研究

采用镀铜铁内电解法对焦化含酚废水进行预处理,其酚类去除率比传统的铁炭内电解、铁铜内电解高,60min去除率可达71.45%。探讨了pH值、镀铜量、镀铜铁的投加量以及处理时间对处理效果的影响。连续进水小试试验出水水质稳定,酚类去除率在50%左右,不会引起板结问题。     

粉煤灰合成分子筛及处理含氟废水的研究

实验利用工业废渣——循环流化床粉煤灰合成出较高结晶度的X型和P型分子筛,合成过程无须高温焙烧预处理.通过XRD分析表征,发现该法合成分子筛结晶度较高,X型和P型分子筛相对结晶度分别达68%～75%和55%.实验应用合成分子筛进行载铁改性,并对NaF模拟的工业含氟废水进行了除氟实验.结果表明,载铁X型分子筛处理工业含氟废水效果良好,除氟率可达74%～98%,除氟容量达25.0～30.0 mg/g.在处理含氟废水过程中,载铁合成分子筛与其他除氟剂相比较,具有除氟率高、除氟容量大、反应迅速的特点.     

Fenton-聚硅铝铁硼处理生活垃圾压滤液研究

以正交设计方法为基础,以COD去除率为指标,确定了聚硅铝铁硼（PSAFB）最优制备条件,研究了Fenton-PSAFB混凝法处理城市生活垃圾压滤液的最优反应条件和处理效果。结果表明：以200 mL生活垃圾压滤液为处理对象,复合絮凝剂PSAFB的最优制备工艺条件为：Al/Si为1/2,Fe/Si为1/2,B/Si为1/6;其最优反应条件为：pH值为5.0,投加量为200 mg/L（以SiO₂计);Fenton法最优反应条件为：pH值为3.0,30%H₂O₂为20 mL,1 mol/L FeSO₄为30 mL;采用最优反应条件的Fenton-PSAFB处理垃圾压滤液,浊度去除率达到95.2%,COD去除率达到84.2%,BOD₅去除率达到81.5%。     

零价铁表面积对泥浆反应体系中硝基苯降解行为的影响

硝基苯能够被零价铁还原成为苯胺. 利用气相色谱分析方法,研究了泥浆体系中零价铁表面积对硝基苯污染底质降解行为的影响. 结果表明,在沉积物中初始w(硝基苯)为8.87 μg/g,按照3.27 g/L最佳比例投加还原铁粉,经2 h反应约有97%的硝基苯被降解;其还原机理为表面接触反应,铁粉总表面积是影响硝基苯降解的主要参数;沉积物中硝基苯降解速率常数(K)和残留量(y)与单位体积泥浆中零价铁总表面积(ρ_a)之间表现为线性和负指数相关性,其关系式分别为:K0.006　5+5.165　87×10－4ρ_a和y8.57exp(-ρ_a/7.66)+0.25;零价铁还原硝基苯的降解过程,其降解动力学符合准一级方程,并且通过SEM扫描电镜发现零价铁在反应过程中表面被严重腐蚀,颗粒组成发生明显改变.      

钯/铁双金属对六氯乙烷的催化还原脱氯

用钯／铁双金属对水溶液中的六氯乙烷（HCE）进行催化还原脱氯,考察了各种因素对脱氯效果的影响。实验结果表明,在厌氧环境、饱和HCE溶液体积80mL、钯与铁质量比0．03％、钯／铁双金属质量3g、反应时间130min的条件下,脱氯率可达98．8％。采用气相色谱-质谱联用仪对HCE及其脱氯产物进行分析,结果表明,HCE的脱氯中间产物主要是四氯乙烯,四氯乙烯进一步脱氯的中间产物未检出。