2007年春节期间北京大气颗粒物中多环芳烃的污染特征

利用大流量颗粒物采样器分昼夜采集了2007年春节前后大气气溶胶中PM₁₀和PM_2.5样品，并采用气相色谱-质谱技术对PM_2.5样品中的多环芳烃进行了检测.春节期间大气颗粒物中PM₁₀和PM_2.5夜间平均质量浓度为232 μg·m^-3和132 μg·m^-3,分别高于白天的PM₁₀(194 μg·m^-3)和PM_2.5(107 μg·m^-3)；除夕后颗粒物日平均质量浓度为252.3 μg·m^-3 (PM₁₀)和123.8 μg·m^-3 (PM_2.5)，分别高于除夕前的166.7 μg·m^-3(PM₁₀)和106.8 μg·m^-3(PM_2.5)；同时夜间PM_2.5中多17种多环芳烃(PAHs)的总浓度都高于相应白天的总浓度，且除夕前多环芳烃日均总浓度为95.9 ng·m^-3，高于除夕后的58.9 ng·m^-3.结果表明，除了受一定的气象条件的影响外，大量燃放烟花爆竹会对大气颗粒物浓度有影响，但对大气中的多环芳烃影响不大，而春节期间工业及交通污染排放的减少削减了排放到大气中的PAHs.根据荧蒽/芘等比值指标判别北京PAHs主要以燃煤为主、交通为次的混合局地源污染.     

离子选择电极法测定大气中的氨

本文报导了利用离子选择性电极测定大气中氨含量的实验方法。该方法操作简便可达到与分光光度法相同的效果。     

大气连续采样实验室分析方法监测结果偏低原因

<正> 一、引言为探讨目前我国监测大气环境中二氧化硫(SO_2)及氮氧化物(NO_2)所采用的三种监测方法(即连续自动监测法(Ⅰ)、连续采样实验室分析法(Ⅱ)及间断采样实验室分析法(Ⅲ))所得监测结果的可比性。我们在多个监测点同时采用上述三种监测方法分别对各监测点大气环境中的SO_2及NO_x进行长时     

扩散模型中忽略纵向扩散的条件

本文用高斯烟流模式和高斯烟团模式讨论了大气扩散模型中忽略纵向扩散的条件,认为忽略纵向扩散的条件是■10K/L,而不是■≥1m/s。     

烟尘测试分析质量控制的探讨

烟尘测试分析过程复杂，为保证分析结果能够真实反映污染源状况，应对测试分析采取全过程的质量控制。为此，深入探讨了滤筒、采样方式、采样位置、锅炉运行负荷等对测试结果的影响，叙述了测定空气过剩系数、烟温、含湿量、烟气压力等烟气参数的具体要求。     

大气降尘对土壤重金属累积量估算方法探讨——以重庆市綦江县永新冶炼厂为例

中国的有色金属冶炼企业、矿区周围土壤重金属污染日趋严重.本文对可能造成土壤污染的途径进行了简要分析,并以重庆市綦江县永新冶炼厂为例,分析了冶炼厂排放废气中含重金属颗粒物沉降进入土壤的途径,结合厂址周围土壤中镍含量的监测数据,计算分析了冶炼厂投产30年后,受影响区域因大气降尘引起的土壤镍污染分布状况及趋势,估算得出每年大约有250 kg的镍沉降到厂址周围约4 km2范围内的土壤中,自然沉降率约为32%,为区域土壤重金属污染防治提供了科学依据.     

Effect of leachate recycling and inoculation on the biochemical characteristics of municipal refuse in landfill bioreactors

Activity development of key groups of enzymes involved in municipal refuse decomposition was measured in laboratory landfill bioreactors with and without leachate recycling and inoculation for about 210 days.The results showed that the enzymes(amylase,protease,cellulase,lipase and pectinase)were present in fresh refuse but at low values and positively affected by leachate recycling and refuse inoculation.The total average of cellulase activity in digesters D3 operated with leachate recycling but no inoculation,D4 and D5 operated with leachate recyling and inoculation was much higher than that in digesters D1 and D2 without leachate recycling and inoculation by 88%-127%,117%-162%and 64%-98%.The total average of protease activity was higher in digester D4 than that in digesters D1,D2,D3and D5 by 63%,39%,24%and 24%,respectively,and the positive effect of leachate recycling and inoculation on protease activity of landfilled refuse mainly was at the first two months.The total average of amylase activity was higher in digesters D3,D4 and D5 than that in digesters D1 and D2 by 83%-132%,96%-148%and 81%-129%.During the early phase of incubation,the stimulatory effect of inoculation on lipase activity was measured,but refuse moisture was the main factor affecting lipase activity of landfilled refuse.The inoculation,initial and continuous inoculation of microorganisms existing in leachate,was the mainly stimulatory factor affecting pectinase activity of landfilled refuse.     

辽宁省大气环境现状及污染防治措施

通过分析辽宁省大气环境质量现状、污染特征及成因，回顾“九五”期间大气污染防治工作所取得成绩，针对实际存在的问题，提出了全省“十五”期间大气污染防治目标及对策措施。