尾矿库酸性废水处理研究

介绍了使用两段中和法处理矿山酸性废水,即首先用矿物或废渣作中和剂将废水的pH值调节到4.0左右,再用石灰乳进行中和。在实验室研究的基础上,对某铁矿尾矿库酸性废水采用两段中和法进行试验。试验结果表明,出水pH值达到6~8时,出水水质指标达到国家排放标准。     

Enhanced adaptability of Sesbania rostrata to Pb/Zn tailings via stem nodulation

Sesbania rostrata is wellknown for its stem nodulation, but the roles of stem nodulation in root nodulation and adaptation of S. rostrata to Pb/Zn-enriched tailings environment has been poorly understood. We investigated the e ects of inoculating (with stem nodule treatment) and non-inoculating (without stem nodule treatment) Azorhizobium caulinodans on the growth, root nodulation, and N fixation of S. rostrata grown on three di erent types of soil substrata: Pb/Zn tailings, garden soil amended tailings, and garden soil. The results showed that plant height, stem basal diameter, biomass, chlorophyll content, nitrogen content and N-accumulation per plant were 2.3%–4.9%, 2.2%–7.7%, 27.8%–72.2%, 17.1%–23.5%, 12.3%–34.2%, and 43.1%–131.2%, respectively, higher in treatments with stem nodule than those without stem nodule for the same soil substrate. With respect to soil substrata, all measurements had consistently higher values in tailings than in amended tailings and garden soil, indicating that the poorer the soil condition, the greater the contribution of stem nodule. In contrast, the number and fresh weight of root nodules on plants without stem nodule were 6.9–11.6 times and 5.8–29.0 times higher than those with stem nodule, respectively, especially with respect to the plants grew on Pb/Zn tailings. In general, stem nodulation favored plant growth and nitrogen fixation of S. rostrata, but suppressed root nodulation. With the ability of stem and root nodulation, S. rostrata can be used as a pioneer plant species for remediation of Pb/Zn tailings.     

模拟研究尾矿对环境的污染及治理探讨

文章通过对广东粤北地区几类典型的尾矿、废石等矿山废弃物进行酸雨淋洗的模拟实验,研究了酸性条件下矿山废弃物中重金属离子Fe、Ni、Pb、Zn、Mn、Cu和Cd以及硫酸根的溶出情况。结果表明,在酸雨条件下矿山废渣可以产生一定量的可溶性重金属,主要以Fe、Mn和Pb为主;尾砂同时产生一定的可溶性硫酸根,导致矿山流出水呈酸性。探讨了用石灰作为矿山流出水的pH调节剂、利用共沉淀除去重金属的可能性;并提出了治理尾砂堆场的措施。     

Seedling growth and metal accumulation of selected woody species in copper and lead/zinc mine tailings

A greenhouse pot experiment was conducted to evaluate the potential of selected woody plants for revegetation in copper (Cu) and lead/zinc (Pb/Zn) mine tailing areas. Five woody species (Amorpha fruticosa Linn, Vitex trifolia Linn: var. simplicifolia Cham, Glochidion puberum (Linn.) Hutch, Broussonetia papyrifera, and Styrax tonkinensis) and one herbaceous species (Sesbania cannabina Pers) were planted in Cu and Pb/Zn tailings to assess their growth, root morphology, nutrition uptake, metal accumulation, and translocation in plants. Amorpha fruticosa maintained normal growth, while the other species demonstrated stress related growth and root development. Sesbania cannabina showed the highest biomass among the plants, although it decreased by 30% in Cu tailings and 40% in Pb/Zn tailings. Calculated tolerance index (TI) values suggested that A. fruticosa, an N-fixing shrub, was the most tolerant species to both tailings (TI values 0.92–1.01), while S. cannabina had a moderate TI of 0.65–0.81 and B. papyrifera was the most sensitive species, especially to Pb/Zn tailings (TI values 0.15–0.19). Despite the high concentrations of heavy metals in the mine tailings and plants roots, only a small transfer of these elements to the aboveground parts of the woody plants was evident from the low translocation factor (TF) values. Among the woody plants, V. trifolia var. simplicifolia had the highest TF values for Zn (1.32), Cu (0.78), and Pb/Zn (0.78). The results suggested that A. fruticosa and S. cannabina, which have the highest tolerance and biomass production, respectively, demonstrated the potential for tailings revegetation in southern China.     

碳酸盐岩地区矿山酸性排水的产生及其防治初探

尾矿中的硫化物在空气、水、微生物等的作用下,发生一系列的物理化学反应,形成矿山酸性排水(AMD)。在碳酸盐岩地区,由于尾矿和围岩中都含有大量对酸具有中和效应的碳酸盐矿物,于是人们一直认为碳酸盐岩地区的尾矿不存在酸污染。而如广西大厂、广东凡口及大宝山、贵州牛角塘等碳酸盐岩地区矿山的尾矿却存在着严重的酸污染,其主要原因是碳酸盐矿物在中和酸水过程中,表面会形成阻止反应进一步进行的次生包壳,碳酸盐矿物的实际中和量达不到其理论值。矿山酸性排水携带大量的重金属离子,对碳酸盐岩地区的生态环境及矿山工程设施带来严重的危害。针对碳酸盐岩地区尾矿自身的特殊性,对新建尾矿堆采用覆盖法,而对已经产酸的尾矿用渗透反应栅法,是防治这类尾矿酸化的有效方法。     

基于GDEM-PDyna的尾矿库溃坝三维数值模拟分析研究*

为进一步探究尾矿坝溃决后特有泥石流运移规律,掌握坝体破坏前至溃坝结束全流程发展状态,依托广东省某案例尾矿库为研究对象,采用基于有限元与离散元耦合方法的GDEM-PDyna软件构建泥石流类流体下泄演化数值模型,开展尾矿坝溃决演化分析,动态模拟尾矿库溃决过程中泥砂运动规律及淹没范围,并与MIKE 21软件计算结果进行对比。研究结果表明:尾矿坝溃决后,泥石流类流体流速升高、持续时间较短且尾砂流量发展迅速,2种模拟方法对比结果表明溃坝后坝基位置下泄流量变化与下游敏感点溃坝淹没深度变化情况一致。研究结果可为实现尾矿库下游重点区域灾害评估提供量化支撑,可有效提高尾矿坝溃决后灾害影响评估的精准性。     

金尾矿综合利用技术研究与应用进展

黄金矿石的品位低,经选冶后产生比其他金属矿石更多的尾矿。黄金矿山每天尾矿的大量排放,造成了黄金及其他有价金属的流失,同时大量的尾矿堆积,对环境带来极大的危害。为了进一步回收有价金属,保护矿区的生态环境,本文介绍了尾矿的综合利用技术,其中重点介绍了尾矿中有价元素的综合回收技术,进一步变废为宝,开发宝贵的二次资源。     

大红山微细粒铁尾矿固化技术研究北大核心CSCD

以大红山微细粒铁尾矿固化干堆为背景,研究了矿浆自然沉降特性、过滤特性以及3种沉降剂对其沉降效果的影响,同时对铁尾矿的固化进行了研究。结果表明,在32%矿浆中加入沉降剂,其沉降性和过滤性均优于原矿浆,且泌水较澄清。土工物理力学性能测试及XRD、SEM分析表明,低温陶瓷胶凝材料的活性硅酸盐矿物在碱激发条件下反应生成水化硅酸钙(C-S-H)及水化铝酸钙(C-A-H)胶凝,其水化产物填充于尾矿颗粒间,使颗粒胶结连接成具有一定承载力和水稳性的复合材料,实现了尾矿的安全堆存。     

铜矿尾矿资源调查评价方法及其应用

开展尾矿资源调查评价具有重要的现实意义。借助入选矿石量及精矿与尾矿产出量之间的关系,确定了尾矿资源调查方法,并测算得全国铜矿尾矿资源总量大致为15×10⁸ t,铜平均品位约为0.077%;同时,基于盈亏平衡的思想,构建了尾矿资源经济评价模型,并且测算确定,在铜价不低于35 000元/t的条件下,回收单一铜元素的经济品位为0.07%。资源结构决定其利用模式。根据调查评价结果判断,未来我国铜矿尾矿资源利用的主要模式是尾矿回选及尾矿用于采矿充填或用作建筑材料两个方面。根据尾矿资源利用模式,要进一步推动尾矿资源开发利用,不仅需要及时发布尾矿资源数据信息,而且更需要落实相关激励政策,努力消除尾矿资源开发利用的限制性因素。