铝电解含氟烟气治理工艺简介

铝电解生产过程中产生大量含氟烟气,本文主要介绍目前国内几家铝厂所采用的治理技术,几种袋式除尘器性能,以及在实际工程中存在的问题。     

羟基聚合氯化铝铁溶液的形态转化规律

采用改进的 Al-Fe-Ferron逐时络合比色法和酸滴定实验研究了典型羟基聚合铝铁(n_Al/n_Fe=9∶1,5∶5)溶液的形态转化 .结果表明 ,羟基聚合铝铁的形态转化主要由 n_Al/n_Fe值、碱化度和熟化等因素决定 ;羟基聚合铝铁的形态转化特征是优势形态之间的转变 ;当n_Al/n_Fe>5∶5,随碱化度的升高 ,[Al+Fe]_a和 [Al+Fe]_b 2类形态逐渐占优势 ;随n_Al/n_Fe值的减小 ,[Al+Fe]_a和 [Al+Fe]_c增加 ,而 [Al+Fe]_b 减少 .讨论了羟基聚合铝铁的形态转化规律 .     

水热法合成层状化合物α-磷酸锆

用水热法合成了α-Zr(HPO4)2·H2O(α-ZrP)晶体,并采用XRD、IR、TEM和TG-DSC等方法对其进行了表征.结果显示,用该法制得的α-ZrP,具有良好的结晶度,层间距达到7.65 A,平均粒度为900×300nm,呈较规则的六边形薄片状,晶形完美,并具有较高的热稳定性.获得了水热法合成α-ZrP的优化实验条件为磷酸浓度5M-10M和180℃下反应48小时以上.     

铝对小麦的毒性及小麦抗铝机理

为探讨铝对植物的毒作用以及植物抗铝机理,研究了酸性条件下(pH4.4)铝胁迫对小麦的铝抗性品系TAM202和铝敏感品系TAM105的根和叶细胞内的一些生理生化指标的影响以及小麦对不同形态铝的吸收.结果表明,小麦主要吸收单核铝,抗性品系小麦TAM202吸收铝较少;在低浓度铝作用下TAM202培养后其营养液pH值显著升高;在不同浓度铝作用下,铝敏感品系TAM105叶片中的脯氨酸含量显著升高,表明铝对TAM202的叶片影响小于对TAM105的影响.2个品系小麦根细胞壁的组分含量在铝胁迫下发生变化.在75μmol·L^-1铝作用下,TAM202中细胞壁的蛋白及己糖和糖醛酸的含量均升高,表明铝可能促进细胞壁成分的合成,对植物抗铝发挥一定的作用.     

Transfer and transport of aluminum in filtration unit

Aluminum salt coagulants were used prevalently in various water works.In this article,the effects of filtration on residual aluminum concentration and species distribution were researched by determining the concentration of diiferent aluminum species before and after single layer filter,double layer filter,and membrane filtration units.In the research,size exclusion chromatography(SEC)was used to separate colloidal and soluble aluminum,ion exchange chromatography(IEC)was used to separate organic and inorganic aluminum, and inductivity coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry(ICP-AES)was used to determine the aluminum concentration.The results showed that the rapid filtration process had the ability of removing residual aluminum from coagulant effluent water,and that double layer filtration was more effective in residual aluminum removal than single layer filtration,while nano filtration was more effective than micro filtration.It was found that when the residual aluminum concentration was below 1mg/L in sediment effluent,the residual aluminum concentration in treated water was above 0.2 mg/L.The direct rapid filtration process mainly removed the suspended aluminum.The removal of soluble and colloidal aluminum was always less than 10% and the natural small particles that adsorbed the amount of soluble or small particles aluminum on their surface were difficult to be removed in this process.Micro filtration and nano filtration were good technologies for removing aluminum;the residual aluminum concentration in the effluent was less than 0.05 mg/L.     

特丁硫磷原药生产废水的治理

针对特丁硫磷原药生产废水特点，提出了采用萃取-氧化-铝盐沉降法治理方案．并进行效益分析，结果表明，该治理方案具有良好的经济效益，社会效益和环境效益。     

土壤中活性铝的流动注射分析

研究了ECR-CTMAB体系测定土壤中活性铝的流动注射分析。结果表明,该方法具有快速、灵敏的特点,进样频率为60个样/时,检出限为0.05μg/ml。用不同提取液提取各地区土壤中活性铝并进行了测定。     

施粉煤灰农田和作物的铝,硼含量变化及放射性安全评价

粉煤灰偏碱性，其铝含量虽然要比农田土壤本底高４￣５个百分点，但通常不易被植物吸收，故不会产生铝引起的危害；供试粉煤灰所含的钾和硼则给作物的增产带来了较多的益处。粉煤灰所含的放射性也不会对其周围环境产生明显的影响，施灰田作物的根、茎、叶和果实等器官的铀、钍含量均远远低于国家标准的限定值。