远程氩等离子体提高PVC生物填料挂膜性能的机理研究

采用接触角测定、电子扫描电镜（SEM）和X射线光电子能谱（XPS）研究了远程氩等离子体表面改性前后PVC填料表面结构性能的变化,以揭示远程氩等离子体提高PVC生物填料挂膜性能的机理,并对表面改性前后PVC填料进行了细菌挂膜试验.同时,利用＂远程等离子体＂场,评价了等离子体表面改性中电子、离子、自由基的贡献.结果表明,远程氩等离子体可以通过将含氧基团和含氮基团引入PVC填料表面,使其表面极性改变,提高表面润湿性能,使得填料的挂膜性能提高,从而增强了PVC填料的生物亲和性,加强了微生物的附着、固定作用.远程氩等离子体可以在一定程度上抑制电子、离子的刻蚀作用,强化自由基反应.     

低温等离子体协同分子筛净化甲苯的性能研究

本文开展了介质阻挡放电等离子体协同分子筛材料在常温常压下氧化甲苯的研究.结果表明,该系统对甲苯的去除效率与应用电压、分子筛种类有关.甲苯转化率随峰值电压的提高而提高,最高去除率可以达到48.1％.分子筛单位吸附量与该系统对甲苯转化率有关,吸附量越大的分子筛,甲苯转化率越高.     

Mineralization of aqueous pentachlorophenolate by anodic contact glow discharge electrolysis

Exhaustive mineralization of pentachlorophenolate ion (PCP) in phosphate buffer was carried out using anodic contact glow discharge electrolysis (CGDE), in which plasma was sustained between the electrolyte and anode. During CGDE, PCP degraded smoothly. The amount of total organic carbon decreased significantly, indicating the eventual conversion of the carbon atoms of benzene nucleus to inorganic carbons. Furthermore, chlorine atoms in PCP were liberated as chloride ions. As a primary intermediate product, 2,3,5,6- tetrachloro-1,4-benzoquinone was detected, and oxalate and formate as byproducts were also found. It was revealed that disappearance of PCP obeyed first-order kinetics. The reaction rate was generally unaffected by both O2 and inert gases in the cell, although it decreased by raising initial pH of solution. In addition, a plausible reaction pathway involving hydroxyl radical was proposed.     

低温等离子体协同锰基催化剂降解甲苯、邻二甲苯的实验研究

VOCs的化学成分复杂,对于人体健康和生态环境产生潜在威胁。文章选取了甲苯和邻二甲苯两 种典型的苯系物VOCs,制备5种Cu-Mn/γ-Al2O3系列催化剂并进行XRD、BET和XPS表征。将催化剂置于DBD反应器的放电区域来降解苯系物,探寻其降解效果和副产物生成情况。实验结果表明,Cu掺杂的MnO2催化 剂的引入显著提高了VOCs去除率和CO2选择性。其中,等离子体催化系统中催化剂Cu0.15Mn的性能最佳,甲苯和邻二甲苯的去除率可达100％,CO2的选择性为92.73％,同时能抑制副产物O3和NO2的产生。催化剂的表征 结果表明,Cu-Mn固溶体中Cu和Mn的协同作用可以提高表面活性氧的量和还原性,从而提高催化性能。     

非平衡等离子体治理有机含磷气体的实验研究

采用脉冲电晕放电产生的等离子体对沙林毒剂的模拟剂甲基磷酸二甲酯进行消除研究.着重进行了脉冲峰压、脉冲频率、初始质量浓度、气体流量等对消除率的影响实验.结果发现,消除率随脉冲峰压和脉冲频率的增加而提高,随气体流量和初始质量浓度的增大而降低.同时发现产物中含有C02、H2O、丙酸、甲基磷酸甲酯和磷酸(或P2O5)等物质.     

新疆天业集团公司煤制乙炔获突破

新疆天业集团公司与俄罗斯研究院、中国科学院等离子研究所和复旦大学合作，共同研发的从煤炭中直接提取乙炔气体的“等离子体裂解煤制乙炔”技术项目取得突破性进展，研制成功的煤制乙炔实验装置，已从煤炭中清洁、高效地生产出已炔。     

O_2~+、O_3同时脱硫脱硝实验

针对目前的烟气同时脱硫脱硝方法中存在的投资成本、运行费用、占地面积大等问题,研究强电离放电方法产生高浓度氧活性粒子(O2+、O3)注入烟气外排管道中,进行O2+、O3消除烟气中的NO,SO2转化成HNO3,H2SO4的等离子化学反应.描述强电离介质阻挡放电制取O2+、O3原理和烟道中O2+与H2O反应形成·OH及其氧化脱硫脱硝反应机制,分析回收酸液中的酸根离子种类及浓度.在O2+、O3与NO+SO2的物质的量比为5,烟气温度为65℃,H2O体积浓度为10%,停留时间为1s的实验条件下,脱硝脱硫率分别为97.4%,83.2%.     

Oxidative capacities of size-segregated haze particles in a residential area of Beijing

The frequent haze days around the Chinese capital of Beijing in recent years have aroused great attention owing to the detrimental efects on visibility and public health. To discover the potential health efects of the haze, oxidative capacities of airborne particles collected in Beijing during haze and clear days were comparably assessed by a plasmid scission assay. Eleven water-soluble trace elements(As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb, V, Se, Tl, and Zn) in the size-segregated airborne particles were quantitatively analyzed by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, and most of the watersoluble trace elements were found to mainly concentrate in the fine particle size of 0.56–1.0 μm. In comparison with clear days, the mass concentrations of 11 analyzed water-soluble trace elements remarkably increased during haze days, and the oxidative capacities determined by the plasmid scission assay were markedly elevated accordingly during the haze days under the same dosage of particles as for those during clear days. Water-soluble trace elements in airborne particles, such as Cu, V, and particularly Zn, were found to have significantly positive correlations with the plasmid DNA damage rates. Because Cu, V, and Zn have been considered as bioavailable elements, the evident increase of these elements during haze days may be greatly harmful to human health.     

水中钴测定方法的比对研究

通过对石墨炉原子吸收法、电感耦合等离子体质谱法、比色法测定水中钴的方法性能进行比对研究,分析了各自的优缺点,为实验人员对钴分析方法选择提供良好的技术依据。当测定钴含量为5.00%~99.5μg/L时,石墨炉原子吸收法的RSD为2.6%~3.9%,加标回收率为93.5%~101.4%;ICP-MS法的RSD为2.0%~3.3%,加标回收率为95.6%~97.1%;5-CI-PADAB光度法的RSD为3.8%~4.8%,加标回收率为91.6%~103.8%。     

水体中总磷测定方法的比较研究

通过实验,分别采用钼酸铵分光光度法、CFA法和ICP法对水体中总磷进行测定,并对三种测定方法的原理、分析过程及对水样测定的准确度、精密度和检出限等进行了比较研究.结果表明三种测定方法均满足水质监测的技术要求,在实际工作中可根据需要选择测定方法进行监测.