基于我国规范与PIARC标准的公路隧道需风量分析

以某长大高速公路隧道为例,结合我国隧道通风设计规范JTJ026.1-1999与PIARC2007标准(世界道路协会),针对不同行车速度,不同车辆更新情况、不同排放标准组合形式以及是否考虑NOx等情况,对各个不同工况的需风量分别进行计算,并从需风量计算方法、机动车排放量和污染物设计浓度三个方面对隧道需风量差异进行分析。研究结果表明:我国设计规范与PIARC2007存在较大差距,为了适应当前及今后我国交通量及机动车排放特点的发展趋势,我国现行规范应在机动车排放量、污染物设计浓度限值等方面做出必要改进以达到合理确定隧道需风量的目的。     

硫酸系统水平衡分析计算和生产实践

在硫酸系统中,通过水平衡分析计算烟气带入净化工序的SO2体积分数和含水量,确定净化工序的能力,控制干燥塔进口烟气温度,使干吸工序生产出合格产品;通过计算,烟气带入净化工序的水量小于产品带出的水量,制酸净化污水经过污水处理工序处理后返回到净化工序重复使用,实现净化污水零排放,消除对环境的污染.     

钢渣处理技术的环境性能比较

随着钢铁工业的快速发展,大量钢渣弃置堆积,不仅成为环境污染源,而且占用大量的土地。目前钢渣处理技术较多,其中主要的处理方法有冷弃法、热闷法、热泼法、浅盘法、水淬法、风淬法等。本研究采用生命周期评价方法,对主要钢渣处理技术进行评估,定义了生命周期评估边界和清单指标,建立了清单计算模型,得到了不同钢渣处理技术的生命周期清单。为了提高结果的可信性,对模型进行了不确定性分析。结果表明滚筒法和风淬法的环境性能较好,是值得推广的钢渣处理技术。     

四川某中小城镇污水处理厂进水水质统计分析

生活污水水质对处理工艺的选择、设计参数的选取以及稳定运行十分重要。运用SPSS软件,对四川某中小城镇污水处理厂为期一年的进水指标(水量、COD、氨氮、总磷、pH、SS)进行方差和相关性分析。方差分析结果显示进水量、氨氮和SS在月份和季节之间存在显著性差异,而总磷和pH仅在月份之间存在显著差异,COD在季度和月份之间无显著性差异;指标相关性分析表明,进水量和氨氮之间呈负相关,氨氮和总磷、COD和总磷之间呈正相关,且相关性显著。在此分析的基础上对污水处理厂设计、工艺选择及运行管理提出了一些建议。     

Effect of platinum on the photocatalytic degradation of chlorinated organic compound

TiO2 nanoparticles, doped with di erent Pt contents, were prepared by a modified photodeposition method using Degussa P-25 TiO2, H2PtCl6 6H2O and methanol as the solvents. The physicochemical properties of Pt/TiO2 were investigated by the nitrogen adsorption and desorption isotherm measurement technique, X-ray di raction analysis and photoluminescence spectra, respectively. Reaction rates from photocatalytic removal of dichloromethane over Degussa P-25 TiO2 and Pt/TiO2 were evaluated. The average diameter and BET surface area of the TiO2 catalyst particles were 300 nm and 50 m2/g, respectively. The degradation e ciency was 99.0%, 82.7%, 55.2%, and 57.9% with TiO2 at inlet concentrations of 50, 100, 200, and 300 ppm, respectively. And the degradation e ciency was 99.3%, 79.7%, 76.5%, and 73.4% with a 0.005 wt.% Pt/TiO2 at inlet concentrations of 50, 100, 200, and 300 ppm, respectively. In addition, we found that the photoluminescence emission peak intensities decreased with increases in the doping amount of Pt, which indicates that the irradiative recombination was weakened. Furthermore, the results showed that the UV/0.005 wt.% Pt/TiO2 process was capable of e ciently decomposing gaseous DCM in air.     

Chemical cleaning of fouled PVC membrane during ultrafiltration of algal-rich water

Cleaning of hollow-fibre polyvinyl chloride (PVC) membrane with di erent chemical reagents after ultrafiltration of algal-rich water was investigated. Among the tested cleaning reagents (NaOH, HCl, EDTA, and NaClO), 100 mg/L NaClO exhibited the best performance (88.4% 1.1%) in removing the irreversible fouling resistance. This might be attributed to the fact that NaClO could eliminate almost all the major foulants such as carbohydrate-like and protein-like materials on the membrane surface, as confirmed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analysis. However, negligible irreversible resistance (1.5% 1.0%) was obtained when the membrane was cleaning by 500 mg/L NaOH for 1.0 hr, although the NaOH solution could also desorb a portion of the major foulants from the fouled PVC membrane. Scanning electronic microscopy and atomic force microscopy analyses demonstrated that 500 mg/L NaOH could change the structure of the residual foulants on the membrane, making them more tightly attached to the membrane surface. This phenomenon might be responsible for the negligible membrane permeability restoration after NaOH cleaning. On the other hand, the microscopic analyses reflected that NaClO could e ectively remove the foulants accumulated on the membrane surface.     

Methanotrophic community structure of aged refuse and its capability for methane bio-oxidation

Aged refuse from waste landfills closed for eight years was examined and found to contain rich methanotrophs capable of biooxidation for methane. Specially, community structure and methane oxidation capability of methanotrophs in the aged refuse were studied. The amount of methanotrophs ranged 61.97 103–632.91 103 cells/g (in dry basis) in aged refuse from Shanghai Laogang Landfill. Type I and II methanotrophs were found in the aged refuse in the presence of sterilized sewage sludge and only Type I methanotrophs were detected in the presence of nitrate minimal salt medium (NMS). The clone sequences of the pmoA gene obtained from the aged refuse were similar to the pmoA gene of Methylobacter, Methylocaldum, and Methylocystis, and two clones were distinct with known genera of Type I methanotrophs according to phylogenetic analysis. Aged refuse enriched with NMS was used for methane biological oxidation and over 93% conversions were obtained.     

建筑能耗与碳排放的系统计量

与建筑相关的能源消耗和温室气体排放在总能源消耗和人为温室气体排放中占有很高的比例。IPCC(政府间气候变化专门委员会)报告指出,建筑部门在2004年造成了全球近30%的二氧化碳排放。美国能源信息署(EIA)则认为,2007年全球能源消耗中约有29%与建筑相关。对中国而言,与建筑相关的能源消耗约占全国商品     

气候谈判国际阵营变化的经济学分析

气候谈判关乎各国在气候秩序中的权力与义务关系,涉及到各国经济发展的根本利益,已经成为国际政治博弈的新舞台。当前,欧盟与美国正在突破＂共同但有区别的责任＂原则,争夺气候变化谈判中的领导权;发展中国家阵营逐步分化为＂基础四国＂＂小岛屿国家＂＂最贫穷国家＂等。从长期来看,在气候变化问题上,各国有一致的利益,各国际阵营若能表现出更合作的态度——发达国家更负责地转变为低碳生产和生活模式,更慷慨和带有诚意地协助发展中国家减排,发展中国家更深刻地认识到碳排放空间的来之不易和低碳生产生活的迫切性,实现自觉减排——就能帮助遭遇＂囚徒困境＂的世界各国离开个体理性的＂纳什均衡＂,趋向集体理性的＂帕累托最优＂。     

水泥企业物质流分析

物质流分析（Material Flow Analysis,MFA）在循环经济建设和可持续发展方面研究迅速,相对国家与区域层次,企业MFA研究成果甚少且分析思路不同。本文选取海南省某水泥企业为研究对象,从企业层次对整个熟料和水泥生产过程中的物质输入与输出进行核算,并结合水泥工业清洁生产标准部分指标对计算结果进行评定。最后针对分析结果,对水泥生产特别是资源投入与污染排放方面提出相关改进措施与建议。