Preliminary study on organic contaminants in the water of northwest part of the Lake Chao

The waterquality of the downstream of Nanfei River and the northwest area of Lake Chao is evaluated from organic analysis aspect. PAHs such as fluoranthene, pyrene are detected in the waters collected from downstream river and river mouth. More phenolic compounds are found in the river water. Some halogenated hydrocarbons are present in the river and lake waters. A great many of aliphatic hydrocarbons and benzene hydrocarbons found in all the water samples are about one third of the total organics detected. The hydrophobic components are found to be present not only in water but also in suspended sediment. The ratio of the amount existing is 0.4 in sediment and 1 in particle-free water. The quantity of humic materials existing in lake water is larger than that in river water. The proportion of the humic materials in lake water to that in river water is 1.9 to 1. In the lake water, some natural substances, such as dimethyl disulfide, alpha-pinene, azulene, and 6- methyl -2-heptanone are observed.     

The study for polyaromatic hydrocarbons decay on Chinese coal soot particles in atmosphere

A study for the photochemical behavior of some polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAH), for example B(a )P, B( k )F and fluoranthene in coal smoke particles was performed by using indoor Teflon smog chamber.Experiments suggest that the photochemical reaction of PAH is first order reaction and kinetic rates of some PAH were obtained. It was shown that the reaction rate constant is proportional to light intensity and water vapor concentration. Temperature and PAH loading also have influence on PAH decay rate. A model for PAH loss has been set up on the basis of the results of our experiments and the simulating results of this model suggest that coal particle PAH half lives are of the order of a period of days in winter and a few hours in summer. Other factors which may have effect on the photochemical reaction of PAH have also been discussed.     

The hierarchy and spatial characteristics of ecosystems: A reconsideration of the ecosystem concept (II)

This paper, based on the autonomy concept, continues to investigate hierarchical forms and spatial structure of ecosystems. The former can lead to limits for the selection of the component parts of an ecosystem and a distinction between its endogenous and exogenous variables; and the latter can be lead to a hypothesis of the space of an ecosystem: the space of an ecosystem = its habitat area + supporting area + impact area, and two characteristics of ecosystems, space-overlapping and the area of ecosystem space, have been further studied referring to human activities.     

Effects of Ca2+ ions antagonistic to Al3+ ions poisoningin root growth , cell division and nucleolusin root tip cells of Allium cepa

The effects of different aluminium chloride concentrations together with varying calciumchloride concentrations on root growth, cell division and nucleoli in root tip cells of Allium cepa werestudied. The concentrations used for aluminium chloride were 10^-4, 10^-3 and 10^-2 mol/L ; and for calcium chloride were 10^-5 , 10^-4 , 10^-3 and 10^-2 mol/L, respectively. The results showed that after thetreatments with 10^-2 to 10^-3 mol/L Al³⁺ , root growth was severely inhibited , a large nurnber of thecells with c-mitosis were induced and the nucleolar material was extruded from the nucleus into the cytoplasm. However , the treatments with 10^-2 to 10^-3 mol/L of Al³⁺ together with 10^-2)to 10^-5 mol/LCa²⁺ suggested that Ca²⁺ gave the obviously protective effects against Al³⁺ poisoning in root growth.cell division and nucleoli of the root tip cells in A. cepa. The possible mechanism of these protective effects of Ca²⁺) is also briefly discussed.     

Effects of lead , cadmium , mercury chlorides and aquaticenvironmental samples on the growth of Escherichia coli

In this paper it was reported that PbCl₂ , CdCl₂ , HgCl₂, and aquatic environmental samples containing Al, Cd, Cu, Pb, Sr, Zn and other heavy metal ions as well as organic chemicals suppressed thegrowth of E. coli only at higher exposed concentrations. The stimulative effects of PbCl₂ and HgCl₂ on thegrowth of E. coli were clearly showed at lower concentrations and longer time. It suggested that the toxic effects of heavy metal ions and other pollutants on the growth of E. coli are variable according to the differentexposed levels.     

The buffering effects of aquatic sediments against acidic deposition

ＴｈｅｂｕｆｆｅｒｉｎｇｅｆｆｅｃｔｓｏｆａｑｕａｔｉｃｓｅｄｉｍｅｎｔｓａｇａｉｎｓｔａｃｉｄｉｃｄｅｐｏｓｉｔｉｏｎＬｉａｏＢｏｈａｎ；ＴａｎｇＨｏｎｇｘｉａｏ（ＲｅｓｅａｒｅｈＣｅｎｔｅｒｆｏｒＥｃｏ－ＥｎｖｉｒｏｎｍｅｎｔａｌＳｃｉｅｎｃｅｓ...     

应用大型水蚤和斑马鱼对几种工业废水和生活污水的毒性监测

运用大型水蚤和斑马鱼急性毒性试验对几家乡镇企业污染源排放口的水样和某小区生活污水的毒性进行检测.研究结果表明:皮革厂沉淀池排水、生产车间排水和生活污水对斑马鱼均有较高的毒性,其96h LC50在17.27～35.93%之间,化工厂排污口出水毒性相对较小,96h LC50为59.18%.皮革厂和化工厂排污口出水对大型水蚤有较高毒性,48h LC50在20.61～29.39%之间,生活污水和生产车间排水毒性相对较小.上述几种废水对大型水蚤毒性大小顺序为化工厂排污口出水＞皮革厂沉淀池排水＞生产车间排水＞生活污水,对斑马鱼为皮革厂生产车间排水＞沉淀池排水＞生活污水＞化工厂排污口出水.大型水蚤和斑马鱼的急性毒性试验是一种灵敏、价廉和快速的毒性测试方法,可以用来监测上述几种工业废水和生活污水的毒性.     

稀有鮈鲫在鱼类胚胎急性毒性试验中的适用性研究

为了验证我国本土鱼种稀有鮈鲫（Gobiocypris rarus）在鱼类胚胎急性毒性试验的适用性，评价其在鱼类替代试验中的应用潜力，选取3，4-二氯苯胺和五水硫酸铜，按照《OECD化学品测试准则No.236鱼类胚胎急性毒性试验》，分别开展6次稀有鮈鲫胚胎急性毒性试验，通过评价试验结果的重复性，验证稀有鮈鲫是否适用于鱼类胚胎急性毒性试验.结果表明:3，4-二氯苯胺和五水硫酸铜对稀有鮈鲫胚胎的96 h LC₅₀（96 h半数致死浓度）平均值（x）分别为12.8和1.76 mg/L，标准差（s）分别为1.70和0.197 mg/L；变异系数（CV）分别为13.3%和11.2%，均小于30%；两种化学品6次试验的96 h LC₅₀均在各自x±2s范围内.研究显示，稀有鮈鲫胚胎的形态特征、发育过程及孵化时间等生物学特征均与斑马鱼类似，3，4-二氯苯胺和五水硫酸铜这两种化学品的胚胎急性毒性试验结果具有良好的重复性，其敏感性也与成鱼类似.因此，稀有鮈鲫作为一种我国本土的标准试验鱼种，具有鱼类胚胎急性毒性试验的应用潜力.      

Assay of some volatile compounds in human exhalation

ＡｓａｙｏｆｓｏｍｅｖｏｌａｔｉｌｅｃｏｍｐｏｕｎｄｓｉｎｈｕｍａｎｅｘｈａｌａｔｉｏｎＱｉｎＴａｏ，ＸｕＸｉａｏｂａｉＲｅｓｅａｒｃｈＣｅｎｔｅｒｆｏｒＥｃｏＥｎｖｉｒｏｎｍｅｎｔａｌＳｃｉｅｎｃｅｓ，ＣｈｉｎｅｓｅＡｃａｄｅｍｙｏｆＳｃｉｅ...     

Test for the effects of three surfactants on the penetration ability of the calcium chloride and water glass solutions in dust

１ＩｎｔｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎＣａｌｃｉｕｍｃｈｌｏｒｉｄｅｉｓｏｆｔｅｎｕｓｅｄｉｎｔｈｅｆｉｅｌｄｏｆｓｏｉｌｓｔａｂｉｌｉｚａｔｉｏｎａｎｄｒａｉｓｉｎｇｄｕｓｔｃｏｎｔｒｏｌｂｅｃａｕｓｅｉｔｃａｎｒｅａｃｔｗｉｔｈｗａｔｅｒｇｌａｓ（Ｗｕ，１９...