煤中硫矿物及其在酸洗前后的变化

煤中矿物质包括煤中单独的离散矿物质和与煤中有机物结合的无机元素.煤中常见矿物为石英、粘土类、碳酸盐类和硫化物类矿物,其中硫化物和粘土矿物最为常见.     

Effects of inorganic chlorine source on dioxin formation using fly ash from a fluidized bed incinerator

Chlorine source is indispensable for polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxin and furan (PCDD/F) formation during municipal solid waste (MSW) incineration. Inorganic chlorine compounds were employed in this study to investigate their effects on PCDD/F formation through heterogeneous synthesis on fly ash surfaces. A fly ash sample obtained from a fluidized bed incinerator was sieved to different size fractions which served as the PCDD/F formation sources. The capability of different metal chlorides which facilitate the formation of PCDDs/Fs was found to follow the trends: Na ＜ Mg ＜ K ＜ Al ＜ Ca, when two particle fractions of ＞177 μm and 104-125 μm were used in the experiments. However, the capability of NaCl, MgCl2 and KCl did not seem much different from each other, whereas CaCl2 and AlCl3 were much more active in PCDD/F formation. NaCl and MgCl2 were relatively effective to produce more PCDDs, while KCl, AlCl3 and CaCl2 generated more PCDFs during heterogeneous reactions occurring on fly ash. 2,3,7,8-TCDF was the most significant contributor to the toxicity of the PCDDs/Fs formed from inorganic chlorine sources. Decreasing the sizes of fly ash particles led to more active formation of PCDDs/Fs when NaCl was used as inorganic chlorine in the experiment. The highest PCDDs/Fs produced from particles with size ＜37 μm, while the lowest PCDDs/Fs produced from particles with size ＞177 μm. The toxicity generally increased with decreasing size of the fly ash particles. The formation of PCDDs was mainly facilitated by the two size fractions, 104-125 μm and ＜37 μm, while formation of PCDFs was favored by the two other size fractions, ＞177 μm and 53-104 μm.     

珠海金鼎工业园地下水水质演变及其对水污染防控的提示

以珠海金鼎工业园这一典型的滨海工业园为研究对象,对比分析了工业园建成后不同时期(2005—2007与2015—2022)园区地下水环境监测数据与稳定氢、氧、氮等多种环境同位素数据,探讨了该园区浅层地下水水质时空演变特征,分析了园区地下水水质的超标问题与诱因,并识别了园区地下水、主要离子与无机氮等成分的来源,明确了该浅层含水层特征指标对海水入侵的指示,为滨海工业园区地下水污染的管控提供了科学依据。     

希夏邦马峰北坡达索普冰川区冰、雪、河水的化学特征

１９９７－０９～１９９７－１０间在希峰地区达索普冰川采集的４类水样（表层雪、冰塔冰、冰面河水和河水）的实测资料表明,本区各类水体ｐＨ值的大小顺序为：河水＞冰面河水＞冰塔冰＞表层雪．表层雪和冰面河水所测的阴离子中以ＮＯ－３为最大,而冰塔冰样品以Ｃｌ－最大;阳离子含量基本上以Ｃａ２＋为主．ＳＯ２－４、Ｃａ２＋、Ｍｇ２＋、电导率和ｐＨ值都与所测的阴、阳离子总量有较好的相关关系,随所测的阴、阳离子总量升高而增大．表层雪的电导率、Ｎａ＋、Ｃｌ－、所测的阴、阳离子总量和ＳＯ２－４与海拔高度都有较好的相关关系,随着海拔高度上升而上升．     

应用离子色谱法测定江水中的阴离子

松花江是我国七大江河水系之一,是哈尔滨人民的母亲河.本文采用抽滤及预处理柱对该水系哈尔滨江段水样进行前处理,应用离子色谱法测定氟离子、氯离子、硝酸根、硫酸根.经验证,该方法简便、快速、安全,灵敏度高,精密度和准确度好,可应用于江水水质监测.     

使用淋洗液自动发生装置对硼酸化的水中痕量阴离子的分析

压水反应堆发电站（PWR）经常使用硼酸来控制核反应,这是因为硼是一种很好的中子吸收剂．在压水反应堆发电站中,检测硼酸化水中的阴离子污染物是腐蚀监测工作的重要部分．     

简化亚甲蓝分光光度法测定水中阴离子洗涤剂

亚甲蓝分光光度法测定水中阴离子洗涤剂,在加入亚甲蓝溶液后,需用三氯甲烷多次萃取洗涤,操作繁琐,不适合大批量样品测定。今简化成用三氯甲烷重复萃取两次(每次15mL)。将此萃取液通过洗涤液反洗一遍,再用三氯甲烷10mL萃取洗涤液1次,作吸光值测定。     

无机抗菌剂在建筑涂料中的应用研究

研究了5种无机抗菌剂:锌型沸石抗菌剂、银型沸石抗菌剂、氧化锌晶须复合抗菌剂、纳米TiO2光催化抗菌剂和Ca10-x-yTixZny(PO4)6(OH)2复合抗菌剂在涂料中的应用。以对大肠杆菌(E.coli)的灭菌效果评价抗菌性能。结果表明:锌型抗菌涂料的抗菌效果较差,后4种类型抗菌涂料具有很好抗菌效果。但是,银型抗菌剂和氧化锌晶须复合抗菌剂在涂料中存在易引起涂料变色和难分散问题;纳米TiO2光催化型抗菌剂在涂料中易加快涂料老化;而Ca10-x-yTixZny(PO4)6(OH)2复合抗菌剂既具有良好的抗菌性能,又对涂料的基本性能没有影响,它能够应用到抗菌涂料中。