易燃易爆有毒煤气贮存系统危险性评价

通过对长沙市曙光电子集团动力公司1万m^3煤气贮存系统危险性因素分析,进行了煤气贮存系统火灾、爆炸、毒性危险性的评价,针对煤气贮存系统的火灾、爆炸、毒性事故隐患,提出了事故防范的安全对策。     

我国潜在有毒化学品数据收集与筛选

本文简述了我国潜在有毒化学品数据的收集与筛选方法,确定了优先登记的55种潜在有毒化学品名单、将我国潜在有毒化学品数据按17个数据文件存贮在数据库中,藉此建立了国家潜在有毒化学品登记中心(NRPTC),而且,与国际潜在有毒化学品信息资源网络,以及国际潜在有毒化学品登记中心(IRPTC),建立了信息交流和数据传输,从而对化学品应采取的适宜管理对策提供有效的科学依据。     

这起有毒有害物质跨界污染事故应由谁负责？

王蓉博士： 我们是一家江山化工厂，曾与河南省某一化工厂签定供货合同。今年２月２８日，该厂未按签订的合同要求供货，单方面将１８吨有毒有害物质三氯化磷运抵我厂。我厂不接货，后在该化工厂一再恳求下，同意暂时将这批有毒有害化学品贮存在我厂专门的仓库里，但卸货、搬运由该厂自行解决。该厂便找到河南省第二运输公司卸货。在卸车过程中，由于吊车杠忽然断裂，造成大量三氯化磷外泄，造成直接经济损失５．６万余元，污染面积达６１２０平方米。事故发生后，我方要求该化工厂承担责任。该化工厂认为：（１）货已运抵我厂，货物所有权…     

女工"四期"的特殊权利

如果你是一个女性从业者,你除享有一般的劳动安全保护以外,还依法享有一些特殊的劳动保护权利.《劳动法》和《女职工劳动保护规定》等法律法规规定:单位禁止安排女工从事矿山井下,森林伐木,登高架设和拆除,特别繁重体力劳动,有毒有害岗位劳动以及连续的大强度的负重作业等.同时,对女工"四期"的保护也作了相应的规定.     

中小型化工企业更应加强安全防范

针对中小型化工企业的产品具有易燃、易爆、易污染、有毒有害等的特点,在安全方面存在一定的隐患,需要引起足够的重视,本文根据企业的现状提出一些安全防范措施和建议.     

Physiological cellular responses and adaptations of Rhodococcus erythropolis IBBPo1 to toxic organic solvents

A new Gram-positive bacterium, Rhodococcus erythropolis IBBPo1（KF059972.1） was isolated from a crude oil-contaminated soil sample by enrichment culture method. R. erythropolis IBBPo1 was able to tolerate a wide range of toxic compounds, such as antibiotics（800–1000 μg/mL）,synthetic surfactants（50–200 μg/mL）, and organic solvents（40%–100%）. R. erythropolis IBBPo1 showed good tolerance to both alkanes（cyclohexane, n-hexane, n-decane） and aromatics（toluene, styrene, ethylbenzene） with logPOW（logarithm of the partition coefficient of the solvent in octanol–water mixture） values between 2.64 and 5.98. However, alkanes were less toxic for R. erythropolis IBBPo1 cells, compared with aromatics. The high organic solvent tolerance of R. erythropolis IBBPo1 could be due to the presence in their large genome of some catabolic（alkB, alkB1, todC1, todM, xylM）, transporter（HAE1） and trehalose-6-phosphate synthase（otsA1, KF059973.1） genes. Numerous and complex physiological cellular responses and adaptations involved in organic solvent tolerance were revealed in R. erythropolis IBBPo1 cells exposed 1 and 24 hr to 1% organic solvents. R. erythropolis IBBPo1 cells adapt to 1% organic solvents by changing surface hydrophobicity, morphology and their metabolic fingerprinting.Considerable modifications in otsA1 gene sequence were also observed in cells exposed to organic solvents（except ethylbenzene）.     

Effects of seasonal climatic variability on several toxic contaminants in urban lakes: Implications for the impacts of climate change

Climate change is supposed to have influences on water quality and ecosystem. However, only few studies have assessed the effect of climate change on environmental toxic contaminants in urban lakes. In this research, response of several toxic contaminants in twelve urban lakes in Beijing, China, to the seasonal variations in climatic factors was studied. Fluorides, volatile phenols, arsenic, selenium, and other water quality parameters were analyzed monthly from2009 to 2012. Multivariate statistical methods including principle component analysis, cluster analysis, and multiple regression analysis were performed to study the relationship between contaminants and climatic factors including temperature, precipitation, wind speed, and sunshine duration. Fluoride and arsenic concentrations in most urban lakes exhibited a significant positive correlation with temperature/precipitation, which is mainly caused by rainfall induced diffuse pollution. A negative correlation was observed between volatile phenols and temperature/precipitation, and this could be explained by their enhanced volatilization and biodegradation rates caused by higher temperature. Selenium did not show a significant response to climatic factor variations, which was attributed to low selenium contents in the lakes and soils. Moreover, the response degrees of contaminants to climatic variations differ among lakes with different contamination levels. On average, temperature/precipitation contributed to 8%, 15%, and 12% of the variations in volatile phenols, arsenic, and fluorides,respectively. Beijing is undergoing increased temperature and heavy rainfall frequency during the past five decades. This study suggests that water quality related to fluoride and arsenic concentrations of most urban lakes in Beijing is becoming worse under this climate change trend.     

对环境监测实验室常见废液的处理探讨

环境监测实验室在日常工作中常常需要使用化学试剂,尤其是剧毒、致癌的废液在排放中需要进行有效的处理,以防范对环境和人体的危害。如某些掩蔽剂、萃取剂等的使用,很容易对环境造成二次污染。因此,本文将从环境监测实验室废液处理方法上展开探讨,并提出积极的应对策略。     

开封市周边地区地表灰尘主要金属元素背景值研究及应用

在开封市周边地区采集96个地表灰尘样品,按照土壤背景值研究方法,探讨了灰尘K、Na、Ca、Mg、Fe、Mn、Al和Ti等主要金属元素的背景值,并与研究区表土元素背景值及开封市区灰尘元素平均含量进行了比较。结果表明:地表灰尘Al、Ti、K、Na、Ca、Mg、Fe和Mn的背景值分别是70.67、4.85、19.56、16.42、23.37、9.21、20.83和0.74 g/kg;与研究区表土元素背景值相比,灰尘K、Mn背景值分别低3.69%和6.33%,而Mg、Na、Fe、Al、Ca和Ti则分别高14.98%、10.42%、10.10%、9.36%、8.40%和4.30%;开封市区灰尘Mn、Ti、Fe、Na、Al和Mg含量分别比其背景值低69.11%、16.67%、14.92%、9.09%、6.63%和0.84%,而Ca和K分别比其背景值高8.94%和4.92%;灰尘粒径大小、矿物组成和人类活动是影响主要金属元素背景值的重要因素。     

智能石墨消解-ICP/MS测定土壤中的10种金属元素研究

使用智能石墨消解对土壤样品进行前处理,ICP/MS测定土壤中的V、Cr、Co、Ni、Cu、Zn、As、Cd、Sb、Pb等10种金属元素含量。实验表明,智能石墨消解能将土壤样品消解完全,ICP-MS测定土壤标准样品结果均在保证值范围内、相对标准偏差在0.5%~4.6%之间,具有较好的精密度。该方法安全性高、污染少、操作简单、实现了智能化,适合大批量样品同时测定。