用光照方法破坏全氟化碳化合物

有机碳氟化合物在表面活性剂、乳化剂、抗水剂、灭火材料、蜡、涂层剂、地毯清洁剂及其它领域都有广泛的应用。这类化合物由于能在人体内聚积而受到监管审查，但是到目前为止，只有超过1000℃的高温热解方法可以破坏它们。日本高级工业科学和技术研究院(ATST)的研究人员发明了一种光催化工艺，可以在室温下将全氟化碳化合物完全分解为氟离子和二氧化碳。     

高效液相色谱和离子色谱在形态分析中的应用

本文综述了高效液相色谱（ＨＰＬＣ）和离子色谱（ＩＣ）在形态分析方面的应用，包含：元素的价态分析、有机金属化合物的形态确定、元素存在状态确定、对映体化合物的分离与鉴定。附参考文献１３３篇。     

对氨基二甲基苯胺光度法测定水样中硫化物的几个问题

本文介绍用对氨基二甲基苯胺光度法测定水样中硫化物时，如何降低空白值、提高硫化钠标液的稳定度以及提高酸化吹气回收率的原理和方法。     

从“水俣病”谈汞中毒的防治

20世纪50年代，日本爆发了震惊全球的“水俣（yǚ音同“雨”）事件”。事件的起因是：1908年，日本一家生产氮肥的工厂在日本九州岛南部熊本县水俣镇建厂，生产过程中产生甲基汞化合物直接排入水俣湾。从1950年开始．先是在该地发生了多起“自杀猫”事件，后来有人也患了此类怪病．因医生无法确诊，而称之为“水俣病”。经过多年调查研究发现，此病是由于居民食用水俣湾受汞化物污染的鱼类而引起的。大量甲基汞化合物被排入水俣湾，并在鱼体内形成高浓度积累。猫和人食用了这种被污染的鱼后，就产生了汞中毒而患怪病。     

2,4-二硝基苯肼吸收液法测定空气中醛、酮类化合物

应用高效液相色谱分析环境空气和废气中的醛、酮类污染物。样品经DNPH的酸溶液吸收后,用二氯甲烷/正己烷3∶7进行萃取,然后将萃取液吹干,用乙腈溶解后进行高效液相色谱分析。结果证明该测定方法具有准确率高,精密度好的特点。为制定适合于我国国情的空气和废气中醛、酮类化合物的测定方法提供依据。     

芳香族磺酸基化合物有机废水处理技术的研究进展

概述了芳香族磺酸基有机物的废水处理技术,分析了各种技术的优点和存在的问题,对难降解有机物的处理进行了展望,提出具有优势的处理方法。     

Effects of methyl-, phenyl-, ethylmercury and mercurychlorid on immune cells of harbor seals （Phoca vitulina）

Mercury (Hg) is present in the marine environment as a natural metal often enhanced through human activities. Depending on its chemical form, Hg can cause a wide range of immunotoxic e ects. In this study, the influence of methyl-, ethyl- and phenylmercury as well as mercurychloride on immune functions was evaluated. Two parameters of cellular immunity, proliferation and mRNA cytokine expression of interleukin-2, -4, and transforming growth factor , were investigated in harbor seal lymphocytes after in vitro exposure to Hg compounds. While all Hg compounds had a suppressive e ect on proliferation, di erences between juvenile and adult seals were found. Lymphocytes from juveniles showed a higher susceptibility to the toxic e ect compared to lymphocytes from adults. Furthermore, the degree of inhibition of proliferation varied among the four Hg compounds. The organic compounds seem to be more immunotoxic than the inorganic compound. Finally, for the cytokine expression of methylmercury-incubated lymphocytes, timedependent changes were observed, but no dose-dependency was found. Marine mammals of the North Sea are burdened with Hg, and lymphocytes of harbor seals may be functionally impaired by this metal. The present in vitro study provides baseline information for future studies on the immunotoxic e ects of Hg on cellular immunity of harbor seals.     

Unregulated emissions from a diesel engine equipped with vanadium-based urea-SCR catalyst

The present work is aimed at the study of number-size distribution of particles,volatile organic compounds(VOCs),and carbonyl compounds(CC) or carbonyls emitted from a 4-cylinder turbocharged diesel engine equipped with a vanadium-based urea selective catalytic reduction catalyst.The engine was run on an electric dynamometer in accordance with the European steady-state cycle.Pollutants were analyzed using an electric low pressure impactor,a gas chromatograph/mass spectrometer,and a high performance liquid chromatography system for the number-size distribution of particles,VOCs,and CC emissions,respectively.Experimental results revealed that total number of particles were decreased,and their number-size distributions were moved from smaller sizes to larger sizes in the presence of the catalyst.The VOCs were greatly reduced downstream of the catalyst.There was a strong correlation between the conversion of styrene and ethyl benzene.The conversion rate of benzene increased with increase of catalyst temperature.Formaldehyde,acetaldehyde,acrolein and acetone were significantly reduced,resulting in a remarkable abatement in carbonyls with the use of the vanadium-based urea-SCR system.     

Effect of background electrolytes on the adsorption of nitroaromatic compounds onto bentonite

To further elucidate interaction of nitroaromatic compounds with mineral surface, the sorption of m-dinitrobenzene (m-DNB) and nitrobenzene to original bentonite in aqueous solution containing di erent electrolytes (i.e., KCl, NH4Cl, CaCl2 and Tetramethylammonium bromide (TMAB)) was studied. The sorption of m-DNB was greatly enhanced with the presence of KCl and NH4Cl, while little influence was observed with CaCl2 and TMAB, following the order of KCl > NH4Cl TMAB, CaCl2, or DI water. For nitrobenzene, sorption enhancement only occurred at high nitrobenzene concentrations in the presence of KCl, and the solute equilibrium concentration at inflexion point was lowered with increasing KCl concentration. These sorption enhancements were significantly promoted with the increase of electrolyte concentration. The salting-out e ect is insu cient to account for the sorption enhancement by original bentonite with increasing KCl or NH4Cl concentration. X-ray di raction patterns of bentonite suspensions indicated that the sorption enhancement of m-DNB was attributed to the intercalation of K+ or NH4 + into bentonite interlayer and then dehydration with m-DNB to form inner-sphere complexes, which caused previously expanded bentonite interlayers to collapse in aqueous suspension, thus further enhanced the interaction of phenyl with siloxane surface. In comparison, the sorption enhancement of NB is attributed to the formation of outer-sphere complexes with K+ at high solute-loadings (> 200–400 mg/kg). The sorption of m-DNB to initially modified TMA+-bentonite and K+-bentonite was almost the same as respective sorption to original bentonite in solution containing TMA+ and K+.     

Enhanced removal of organics by permanganate preoxidation using tannic acid as a model compound – Role of in situ formed manganese dioxide

The effect of permanganate preoxidation on organic matter removal during the coagulation with aluminum chloride was investigated using tannic acid as a model compound. Results showed that a small amount of KMnO4 (0.75 mg/L) increased the removal efficiency of tannic acid up to 20%, as compared to the process of coagulation by aluminum chloride alone. The key factor enhancing the removal efficiency of tannic acid in preoxidation process was the in situ formation of a reductant manganese dioxide. The complexation model was used to describe the reaction between MnO2 and tannic acid. Under weak pH condition, tannic acid was difficult to be adsorbed by MnO2 due to the static electrical repulsive forces. The presence of Ca2+ served as a bridge to hold the negative charged MnO2 and tannic acid together, which could be a crucial factor influencing tannic acid adsorption by in-situ manganese dioxide.