气相置换合成Zn-Cu-BTC及其吸附脱硫性能

采用气相置换法制备了Zn-Cu-BTC双金属有机骨架化合物,运用XRD,SEM-EDS,BET等技术对材料进行了分析表征,并以二苯并噻吩-正辛烷为模拟油（硫含量450 μg/g）,通过吸附脱除二苯并噻吩评价了材料的吸附脱硫性能。表征结果显示,Zn的引入改变了Cu-BTC特有的八面体结构。实验结果表明：在模拟油与吸附剂的质量比100∶1、吸附温度30 ℃的条件下,吸附90 min后Zn-Cu-BTC对硫的吸附达到平衡,吸附量可达38.8 mg/g,脱硫率为94.20%,而Cu-BTC吸附120 min后达到平衡,吸附量仅为26.6 mg/g;Langmuir等温吸附模型可有效描述Zn-Cu-BTC对硫的吸附过程。     

硫化物恶臭气体的生物处理机理与应用

致臭的含硫化合物，尤其是二甲基硫化物的生物处理去除率较低。通过分离鉴定或悬浮、附着生长培养手段，发现能了相硫化物的主要是化能自养型和在营养型的微生物，它们能将硫化物定量地氧化为ＳＯ４＾２－和ＣＯ２。大部分能降解甲基硫化物的微生物，其适宜ＰＨ为中性，甲硫醇和硫化氢是二甲基硫代谢的中间体，参与二甲基硫代谢的酶系统不稳定，是处理效果不佳的主要原因。利用纯细胞接种，可有效地提高生物过滤器的脱臭效果，今后可     

八面河低成熟油生物标志化合物碳同位素分析和研究

利用化学预处理与气相色谱—同位素质谱相结合的分析手段，在国内首次完成了原油中甾花生物标志化合物的联同位素鉴定。选择我国济阳拗陷八面河油田典型低成熟油作为样品，对其昌萜生物标志化合物的碳同位素的特征进行了初步探讨。     

一种降低沸石改性过程中氨氮污染的方法

该专利公开了一种降低沸石改性过程中氨氮污染的方法。在沸石改性过程中，以钾化合物交换沸石中的钠，再用铵盐进行进一步的沸石交换改性处理，钾化合物的加入比例为钾化合物与分子筛的质量比为0．01～0．50，反应温度为5～100℃，接触时间为0．1～6．0h。该方法不增加沸石改性成本，可使铵盐使用量降低约50％，     

Distribution and seasonal variation of estrogenic endocrine disrupting compounds, N-nitrosodimethylamine, and N-nitrosodimethylamine formation potential in the Huangpu River, China

Detection of estrogenic endocrine disrupting compounds(EDCs) and N-nitrosodimethylamine(NDMA) in drinking water has led to rising concerns. There are, however, a paucity of studies on the distribution and seasonal variation of NDMA and NDMA formation potential(NDMA-FP) in natural waters, especially in China. For EDCs, limited studies have investigated the distribution and seasonal variation of estrone(E1), 17β-estradiol(E2), estriol(E3), 17α-ethinylestradiol(EE2), technical-nonylphenols(t-NP), and bisphenol A(BPA) in Shanghai. In this study, water samples were collected from 11 sampling sites along the Huangpu River in 2012. The distribution and seasonal variation of EDCs, NDMA, and NDMA-FP were investigated. The results showed that all of the 11 sampling sites were contaminated by the target compounds. Compared with E2 and EE2, higher E1 and E3 concentrations were usually detected in the Huangpu River. The values of 17β-estradiol equivalents(EEQ) suggest a high possibility of endocrine effects on exposed organisms in the Huangpu River. NDMA-FP and t-NP were the dominant contaminants among the eight target compounds. The detection rates of the target compounds and their concentrations were both higher in dry seasons than in wet seasons. Higher concentrations of target compounds were observed in urban sampling sites near drainage outlets, and also in suburban sampling sites where intensive livestock farming and farmlands were located.     

Physiological cellular responses and adaptations of Rhodococcus erythropolis IBBPo1 to toxic organic solvents

A new Gram-positive bacterium, Rhodococcus erythropolis IBBPo1（KF059972.1） was isolated from a crude oil-contaminated soil sample by enrichment culture method. R. erythropolis IBBPo1 was able to tolerate a wide range of toxic compounds, such as antibiotics（800–1000 μg/mL）,synthetic surfactants（50–200 μg/mL）, and organic solvents（40%–100%）. R. erythropolis IBBPo1 showed good tolerance to both alkanes（cyclohexane, n-hexane, n-decane） and aromatics（toluene, styrene, ethylbenzene） with logPOW（logarithm of the partition coefficient of the solvent in octanol–water mixture） values between 2.64 and 5.98. However, alkanes were less toxic for R. erythropolis IBBPo1 cells, compared with aromatics. The high organic solvent tolerance of R. erythropolis IBBPo1 could be due to the presence in their large genome of some catabolic（alkB, alkB1, todC1, todM, xylM）, transporter（HAE1） and trehalose-6-phosphate synthase（otsA1, KF059973.1） genes. Numerous and complex physiological cellular responses and adaptations involved in organic solvent tolerance were revealed in R. erythropolis IBBPo1 cells exposed 1 and 24 hr to 1% organic solvents. R. erythropolis IBBPo1 cells adapt to 1% organic solvents by changing surface hydrophobicity, morphology and their metabolic fingerprinting.Considerable modifications in otsA1 gene sequence were also observed in cells exposed to organic solvents（except ethylbenzene）.     

机动车尾气排放羰基化合物研究进展

羰基化合物是大气中很重要的一类有机污染物,是光化学反应中的重要活性组分,对于光化学反应有重要的促进作用,同时会产生多种氧化性自由基。机动车排放是大气中羰基化合物的重要人为源,尤其对于城市大气其贡献率更大。文章对羰基化合物的采样和分析方法进行了文献总结,提出了离线与在线方法测定羰基化合物各自的优点与弊端;并归纳了机动车羰基化合物的排放规律和影响因素。针对目前已有研究存在的不足,进一步提出了研究展望。     

气相色谱法测定室内醛类化合物

醛类物质在酸性介质中能够与2,4-二硝基苯肼反应生成稳定的希夫碱。国内也有根据这一原理用液相色谱法测定空气中醛酮化合物。本文利用毛细管气相色谱法对测定空气中醛酮化合物进行了系统研究,并应用本法测定了空气中的两种醛类化合物。     

不同生物质燃烧排放多环芳烃及糖醇类化合物的模拟研究

选择水稻、小麦、玉米及棉花秸秆与马尾松枝,采集模拟燃烧时排放的PM2.5,分析PM2.5中多环芳烃(PAHs)和糖醇类化合物的含量,获得PM2.5及负载的两类化合物的排放因子;采用500 W汞灯直接照射收集了PM2.5的尘膜,获得了中、高环PAHs及左旋葡聚糖的光解动力学.结果表明,PM2.5的排放因子介于(2.26±0.60)g·kg-1(马尾松枝)~(14.33±5.26)g·kg-1(玉米秸秆)之间;19种PAHs的排放因子介于(0.82±0.21)mg·kg-1(马尾松枝)~(11.14±5.69)mg·kg-1(棉花秸秆)之间,且以4环类PAHs所占比例最高,介于51%~71%之间(其中马尾松枝燃烧时惹烯的排放因子最大);9种糖醇类化合物的排放因子范围为(52.34±50.16)mg·kg-1(水稻秸秆)~(238.81±33.62)mg·kg-1(小麦秸秆),且都以左旋葡聚糖占绝对优势(72%~96%).光照模拟显示,目标化合物的光照损失都遵循拟一级动力学,其中≥4环的PAHs的光解速率常数随着尘膜中PAHs的负载量增大而减小,来源特征比值Flua/(Flua+Py)和Ip/(Ip+Bg P)相对稳定,而左旋葡聚糖的光解速率常数为0.004 5 min-1,与苯并[a]蒽的光解速率常数(0.004 1~0.005 0 min-1)接近.