超高效液相色谱串联质谱法对水体中全氟化合物的测定

采用超高效液相色谱串联质谱技术建立了水样中11种全氟化合物的检测方法.方法以ACQUITY UPLC BEH C18为分析柱,甲醇和2 mmol/L 5％甲醇乙酸铵溶液为梯度淋洗液,全氟己酸、全氟庚酸、全氟辛酸、全氟壬酸、全氟癸酸、全氟十一烷酸、全氟十二烷酸、全氟十四烷酸、全氟辛烷磺酸、全氟己基磺酸钾和全氟丁基磺酸钾可以在6min内分离,外标法定量.采用固相萃取作为前处理方法,对比研究了两种淋洗液、3种洗脱液在不同pH值下的添加回收率.在试验条件下,所选取的全氟化合物的最低检测质量浓度为0.011～0.089pg/mL,这些化合物除全氟十四烷酸外,在水样中的平均回收率为72.6％～144.7％,相对标准偏差为1.2％～9.2％.实际样品的检测显示,全氟丁基磺酸钾、全氟辛酸与全氟辛烷磺酸在所测污水中质量浓度较高.     

渤海油气区周边海域PFASs的赋存特征与来源

为了解我国海上油田区域附近PFASs(多氟或全氟化合物)污染状况,本文针对我国渤海油田区所在海域采集了92个海水样品,并对其中19种PFASs及其新型替代品的含量进行了分析。结果表明,渤海油气区周边海水中总PFASs浓度范围为9.33~113ng/L,与中国其他海域相比,渤海油田区周边海水中总PFASs含量较高。传统PFASs中,全氟辛酸(PFOA)是大部分样品中的主要PFASs。新型替代品中,六氟环氧丙烷二聚酸(HFPO-DA)的浓度相对较高,浓度中位数为1.82ng/L,而在所有样品中6:2氯代多氟醚磺酸(6:2Cl-PFESA)均未检出。从区域分布来看,总PFASs浓度较高的油田位于渤海西部。总PFASs含量与离岸距离等影响因素相关性分析表明,渤海油气区附近海水中总PFASs含量与离岸距离显著相关,说明陆源是渤海油气区中PFASs污染的主要来源。     

Distribution and seasonal variation of estrogenic endocrine disrupting compounds, N-nitrosodimethylamine, and N-nitrosodimethylamine formation potential in the Huangpu River, China

Detection of estrogenic endocrine disrupting compounds(EDCs) and N-nitrosodimethylamine(NDMA) in drinking water has led to rising concerns. There are, however, a paucity of studies on the distribution and seasonal variation of NDMA and NDMA formation potential(NDMA-FP) in natural waters, especially in China. For EDCs, limited studies have investigated the distribution and seasonal variation of estrone(E1), 17β-estradiol(E2), estriol(E3), 17α-ethinylestradiol(EE2), technical-nonylphenols(t-NP), and bisphenol A(BPA) in Shanghai. In this study, water samples were collected from 11 sampling sites along the Huangpu River in 2012. The distribution and seasonal variation of EDCs, NDMA, and NDMA-FP were investigated. The results showed that all of the 11 sampling sites were contaminated by the target compounds. Compared with E2 and EE2, higher E1 and E3 concentrations were usually detected in the Huangpu River. The values of 17β-estradiol equivalents(EEQ) suggest a high possibility of endocrine effects on exposed organisms in the Huangpu River. NDMA-FP and t-NP were the dominant contaminants among the eight target compounds. The detection rates of the target compounds and their concentrations were both higher in dry seasons than in wet seasons. Higher concentrations of target compounds were observed in urban sampling sites near drainage outlets, and also in suburban sampling sites where intensive livestock farming and farmlands were located.     

Physiological cellular responses and adaptations of Rhodococcus erythropolis IBBPo1 to toxic organic solvents

A new Gram-positive bacterium, Rhodococcus erythropolis IBBPo1（KF059972.1） was isolated from a crude oil-contaminated soil sample by enrichment culture method. R. erythropolis IBBPo1 was able to tolerate a wide range of toxic compounds, such as antibiotics（800–1000 μg/mL）,synthetic surfactants（50–200 μg/mL）, and organic solvents（40%–100%）. R. erythropolis IBBPo1 showed good tolerance to both alkanes（cyclohexane, n-hexane, n-decane） and aromatics（toluene, styrene, ethylbenzene） with logPOW（logarithm of the partition coefficient of the solvent in octanol–water mixture） values between 2.64 and 5.98. However, alkanes were less toxic for R. erythropolis IBBPo1 cells, compared with aromatics. The high organic solvent tolerance of R. erythropolis IBBPo1 could be due to the presence in their large genome of some catabolic（alkB, alkB1, todC1, todM, xylM）, transporter（HAE1） and trehalose-6-phosphate synthase（otsA1, KF059973.1） genes. Numerous and complex physiological cellular responses and adaptations involved in organic solvent tolerance were revealed in R. erythropolis IBBPo1 cells exposed 1 and 24 hr to 1% organic solvents. R. erythropolis IBBPo1 cells adapt to 1% organic solvents by changing surface hydrophobicity, morphology and their metabolic fingerprinting.Considerable modifications in otsA1 gene sequence were also observed in cells exposed to organic solvents（except ethylbenzene）.     

机动车尾气排放羰基化合物研究进展

羰基化合物是大气中很重要的一类有机污染物,是光化学反应中的重要活性组分,对于光化学反应有重要的促进作用,同时会产生多种氧化性自由基。机动车排放是大气中羰基化合物的重要人为源,尤其对于城市大气其贡献率更大。文章对羰基化合物的采样和分析方法进行了文献总结,提出了离线与在线方法测定羰基化合物各自的优点与弊端;并归纳了机动车羰基化合物的排放规律和影响因素。针对目前已有研究存在的不足,进一步提出了研究展望。     

气相色谱法测定室内醛类化合物

醛类物质在酸性介质中能够与2,4-二硝基苯肼反应生成稳定的希夫碱。国内也有根据这一原理用液相色谱法测定空气中醛酮化合物。本文利用毛细管气相色谱法对测定空气中醛酮化合物进行了系统研究,并应用本法测定了空气中的两种醛类化合物。     

O3/UV降解含氮杂环化合物喹啉

本研究采用O3/UV工艺降解喹啉溶液,系统地探讨了喹啉初始浓度、反应后置时间、初始p H、HCO-3浓度等因素对降解过程的影响.通过测定降解过程中的中间产物,分析了喹啉的降解机制及途径.结果表明随着喹啉初始浓度增加,反应表观速率常数和去除率都降低;p H(7~9)碱性条件时降解效果最好;HCO-3的存在明显降低了喹啉的去除率,加入100 mg·L-1HCO-3喹啉去除率降低了42.01%;反应后置时间对喹啉的去除率及矿化率基本没有影响.喹啉的降解中间产物主要为8-羟基喹啉、5-羟基喹啉、2(1H)-喹啉酮、2-吡啶甲醛等,喹啉在O3/UV体系中的降解途径主要由羟基自由基(·OH)、O3氧化剂发生的加成反应、取代反应、亲电反应等.     

熔锡炉加热法分离废弃电路板元器件过程的有害挥发物组成

废弃电路板(PCB)资源化价值大,脱除PCB元器件有利于资源化废弃PCB,其中熔锡炉加热脱焊法是应用最广泛的方法。在工作温度分别为250℃和290℃时,对熔锡炉加热法分离废弃PCB元器件过程中产生的挥发物用Tenax吸附管采样,以气相色谱质谱仪(GC-MS)进行分析。结果表明,挥发物中含多种苯系化合物,290℃时挥发物中检测出的苯、乙苯、对,间二甲苯、苯乙烯、邻二甲苯、萘质量浓度分别是250℃时的3.4倍、3.3倍、3.2倍、2.7倍、3.5倍、1.5倍,且能测出更高相对分子质量的异丙苯和正丙苯;部分化合物质量浓度已超过我国相关环境标准规定的限值,其中苯乙烯最高质量浓度是TJ36—79《工业企业设计卫生标准》规定值的103倍。挥发物进入排气管后部分吸附于管道内壁上,成分包括乙苯、对,间二甲苯、邻二甲苯及萘,其中萘的质量比达1.79 mg/kg。因此,对废弃PCB进行热法处理时,需对产生的挥发物加强监控和处理。     

危险化学品活性反应危害及混配危险的规则研究(Ⅶ)

第二十二类硝基芳香族化合物 活性特点: 芳香族硝基化合物是指芳环上的氢原子被硝基取代后的化合物,具有ArNO2的结构.硝基是吸电子基团,由于与芳环相共轭,而使芳环钝化;但硝基对其邻对位上的取代基有明显的致活作用;硝基越多,致活作用越强,这就是碱催化致爆的内因.     

多环芳香化合物生物降解及遗传学研究进展

多环芳香化合物广泛分布于水体、土壤和大气中,对人类的健康造成了严重的危害。利用生物技术对这类有机物进行降解是行之有效的新途径。文章综述了多环芳香化合物的降解菌株、降解途径及初始羟化双加氧酶的最新研究进展。