Elemental sulfur effects on Pb and Zn uptake by Indian mustard and winter wheat

A pot experiment was conducted to investigate the influence of elemental sulfur to contaminated soil on plant uptake by a heavy metal hyperaccumulator, Indian mustard( Brassica juncea ) and a field crop, winter wheat( Triticum. aestivum). Elemental sulfur(S) with different rates was carried out, they were 0(S0 ), 20(S20 ), 40(S40 ), 80(S80 ), and 160(S160 ) mmol/kg respectively. Extra pots with the same rates of S but without plants were used for soil sampling to monitor pH and CaCl2-extractable heavy metal changes. The results showed that S enhanced phytoextraction of Pb and Zn from contaminated soil. Application S effectively decreased soil pH down to 1.1 as the most at the rate of Sl60. The concentrations of CaCl2-extractable Pb and Zn in soil and uptake of Pb and Zn by the plants were increased with soil pH decreased. A good correlation between CaCl2-extractable Pb/Zn and soil pH was found( Rpb^2 = 0.847 and RZn^2 = 0,991, n = 25). With S application, soil CaCl2-extractable Pb and Zn concentrations, concentration of Pb and Zn in plants and the amount of removal by plant uptake were significanfly higher than those without S. Under the treatment of S160, the highest CaCl2-extmctable Pb and Zn were observed, they were 4.23 mg/kg and 0.40 mg/kg, 2.7 and 2.0 times as that of the control(So ) respectively. At the highest rates of S( Sl~0 ), both Indian mustard and winter wheat reached the highest uptake of Pb and Zn. The highest Pb concentrations in wheat and Indian mustard were 32.8 mg/kg and 537.0 mg/kg, all 1.8 times as that of the control, and the highest Zn concentrations in wheat and Indian mustard were 215.5 mg/kg and 404.0 mg/kg, 2.4 and 2.0 times as that of the control respectively. The highest removals of Pb and Zn from the contaminated soil were 0.41 rag/pot and 0.31 nag/pot by Indian mustard in the treatment of S160 through 50 days growth.     

三氯乙烯污染对植物、土壤生物学指标的影响

通过室内模拟实验,研究了不同浓度TCE污染对小麦幼苗叶绿素含量、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性、过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性及土壤过氧化氢酶、土壤呼吸率的影响。结果表明,与对照组相比,较高浓度TCE对小麦叶绿素的合成存在着抑制作用,且抑制作用随着浓度的升高而增强。SOD与CAT活性随着TCE浓度的增加不同程度地表现出先升高后降低的趋势。TCE对土壤过氧化氢酶的抑制作用随着时间的推移能够恢复到对照水平,其浓度与酶活性之间的相关性不明显。TCE浓度大于4.00mg/kg时对土壤呼吸率的抑制作用显著,各浓度与土壤呼吸率间的剂量—效应关系明显,且土壤呼吸作用存在抑制—恢复的趋势。     

用植物去除环境污染

本文介绍了去除土壤及地下水中有害物质的一种新方法－用植物去除有害物质，同时对此种方法的优缺点及经济效益进行了具体的分析。     

人工湿地植物的选择与利用

在人工湿地污水处理系统中,植物起着至关重要的作用,其能维持湿地环境、吸收降解污染物、传输氧气等,还兼具美化景观及经济价值。在选择人工湿地植物时,应考虑因地适种,选择抗逆性强、净化能力强、观赏价值和经济价值较高的物种,并在植物收割后,对其进行二次资源化利用,达到去污与经济效益的双赢。     

A restoration-promoting integrated floating bed and its experimental performance in eutrophication remediation

Numerous studies on eutrophication remediation have mainly focused on purifying water first, then restoring submerged macrophytes. A restoration-promoting integrated floating bed （RPIFB） was designed to combine the processes of water purification and macrophyte restoration simultaneously. Two outdoor experiments were conducted to evaluate the ecological functions of the RP1FB. Trial 1 was conducted to compare the eutrophication purification among floating bed, gradual-submerging bed （GSB） and RPIFB technologies. The results illustrated that RPIFB has the best purification capacity. Removal efficiencies of RPIFB for TN, TP,NH4＋-N, NO3-N, CODcr, Chlorophyll-a and turbidity were 74.45%, 98.31%, 74.71%, 88.81%, 71.42%, 90.17% and 85%, respectively. In trial 2, influences of depth of GSB and photic area in RPIFB on biota were investigated. When the depth of GSB decreased and the photic area of RPIFB grew, the height of Potamogeton crispus Linn. increased, but the biomass of Canna indica Linn. was reduced. The mortalities of Misgurnus anguillicaudatus and Bellamya aeruginosa in each group were all less than 7%. All results indicated that when the RPIFB was embedded into the eutrophic water, the regime shift from phytoplankton-dominated to macrophyte-dominated state could be promoted. Thus, the RPIFB is a promising remediation technology for eutrophication and submerged macrophyte restoration.     

土壤中微量金属元素的植物可给性研究进展

评述土壤中微量金属元素（ＴＭｓ）植物可给性研究进展,讨论影响土壤中重金属植物可给性的主要因素,如植物的类型、土壤的物理化学性质及ＴＭｓ的种类和形态等的影响。同时对采用不同提取剂得到的可提取态金属含量和植物可给性之间的关系及污泥的施用等导致ＴＭｓ的植物可给性的变化研究进行了综述和讨论。     

武汉市城市绿化树种结构与分布特征分析

针对武汉市城市森林的抽样调查分析表明,城市树木树种构成集聚性明显而多样性相对较差、长势一般;城市扰动因素明显影响了树木的自然生长过程。在所调查的93种植物中,其总体多样性指数为0.727 8;行道绿地为0.187;公园绿地为4.296。结果表明武汉市城市森林的基本格局、树种结构,以及树种分布上均有待于改善。     

光合细菌和水浮莲在河南农村猪场污水中的应用

利用在信阳农村养猪场中的2个3.3 m深的污水氧化塘进行光合细菌和水浮莲净化污水的研究.1#氧化塘加入8×108mL-1光合细菌50 L,2#氧化塘加入水浮莲(100株·m-2).为期1 a的试验结果表明:经光合细菌和水浮莲的共同作用,总磷下降了41.8%～76.0%,总氮下降了61.8%～81.0%,COD下降了66.8%～79.1%,BOD5下降了64.8%～82.3%.显示光合细菌和水浮莲能够明显改善养猪场污水水质.     

同步辐射X射线荧光和吸收谱技术在环境汞污染研究中的应用进展

汞作为一种重要的全球性重金属污染物,被许多国际组织列为优先控制污染物。常规的汞分析手段,例如电感耦合等离子体质谱(ICP-MS)、原子荧光光谱(AFS)等,对汞的分析精度较高,方法比较成熟,但对样品前处理要求也较高。同步辐射技术由于其高、精、准的优势,且对样品前处理要求比较简单、可实现原位无损分析,因此被广泛应用于环境样品的分析中。随着研究的发展,同步辐射X射线荧光光谱(SRXRF)和同步辐射X射线吸收光谱(SRXAS)技术在环境汞污染分析领域得到了越来越多的应用。主要介绍了我国环境汞污染现状及污染特征,同步辐射技术对于汞分布蓄积、含量和化学形态分析方面的独特优势,重点回顾了本项目组和其他一些研究组近几年关于SRXRF和SRXAS技术在环境介质如土壤、植物体内汞的分布蓄积、相对含量和化学形态转化研究领域的应用进展,对进一步发展并提高同步辐射技术在环境及生物体汞污染水平、毒性机理和生态毒理评价方面的应用进行了展望。