鄱阳湖湿地重金属形态分布及植物富集研究

研究了鄱阳湖湿地土壤中Cu,Zn,Pb和Cd形态与植物富集的关系. 结果表明:鄱阳湖土壤中Cu,Pb和Zn主要以有机态和残渣态为主,水溶态和离子交换态等生物有效性态含量很少;而Cd则主要以水溶态和离子交换态等生物有效性态为主,因此Cd的生态危害较大. 相关分析和偏相关分析均显示:植物中重金属含量与其生存环境中重金属水溶态或离子交换态含量直接相关,这与理论上植物只能吸收重金属水溶态相符. 植物对重金属的富集能力表现出Zn＞Cu＞Cd＞Pb的趋势. 用重金属水溶态或离子交换态进行植物富集研究,更具有可比性和科学性.      

重金属污染土壤修复中杂草资源的利用

对重金属污染土壤植物修复基本原理、作用方式及亟待解决的问题进行了论述,认为现有修复植物均不同程度存在一些弱点,还难以大规模应用于修复实践。杂草具有抗逆境能力强、生长迅速、繁殖能力强以及在环境条件适宜情况下生物量能够急剧提高等特点,可以弥补现有修复植物的缺点和不足,是较理想的植物修复资源。结合笔者的研究情况,对杂草资源在重金属污染土壤植物修复中的利用方式、修复植物筛选方法进行了论述,而且在植物修复生物量处理方面也进行了讨论,试图为重金属污染土壤植物修复进一步发展提供科学依据。     

Changes in soil microbial community structure associated with two types of genetically engineered plants analyzing by PLFA

With the rapid expansion of GEPs(genetically engineered plants), people are more and more concerned about the ecological risks brought by their release. Assessing the effect of GEPs on soil microbial ecology is indispensable to study their ecological risks. In our study, the phospholipids fatty acid(PLFA) method was used to analyze the microbial community of soil samples collected from fields with two types of GEPs-Bt transgenic com and PVY( potato virus Y) cell protein gene transgenic potato. The principal components analysis(PCA) showed all controls were on the right of related GEPs samples along the PC1 (the first principal component) axis, which means a decrease of fungi in soils with genetically engineered crop since most of PLFAs that are strongly positively correlated with PC1 represent fungi. For samples collected from Bt transgenic cornfield, the ratios of gram-positive to gram-negative bacteria were less than those of controls. For samples of transgenic potato field, these ratios were lower than those of controls when soils were collected from deep layer(20-40 cm), but were higher when soils collected from surface layer(0-20 cm). For soils collected from 0-20 cm, the ratios of fungi to bacteria for all GEPs samples were at the same level. So were such rations for all controls. Changes of soil microbial community in two types of GEPs fields were detected in our study, but the causes and more information still needs further study.     

Cooperation between ligninolytic enzymes produced by superior mixed flora

Since the ability to degrade lignin with one kind of white-rot fungi or bacteria was very limited, superior mixed flora‘s ability to degrade lignin was investigated by an orthogonal experiment in this paper. The results showed that superior mixed flora reinforced the ability to degrade lignin, the degradation rates of both sample 9 and 10 were beyond 80% on the day 9. The cooperation between lignin peroxidase(LiP), Mn-dependent peroxidase(MnP) and laccase (Lac) for lignin degradation was also studied. By examining the activities of three enzymes produced by superior mixed flora, it was found that Lac was a key enzyme in the process of biological degradation of lignin but Lip was not; the enzyme activity ratios of Lac/MnP and Lac/LiP were significantly correlative with the degradation rate of lignin at the 0.01 level; and the ratio of MnP/LiP was an important factor affecting the degradation rate of lignin.     

城市环境污染的植物修复

植物修复是环境科学研究的热点之一,内容设计基础与应用两个层面.作为技术对于解决城市土壤、空气、水体和噪声污染问题有着良好的应用前景。以国内外文献为依据,在介绍植物修复概念与特征的基础上,论述了利用植物修复技术防治城市水体、土壤、大气、噪声等污染的方法与途径,分析了实施城市环境污染植物修复中存在的问题和未来应努力的方向。     

植物提取液处理恶臭气体的研究进展

介绍了近二十年来国内外关于植物提取液治理恶臭气体的研究成果,内容包括植物提取液的应用研究、除臭机理研究及植物提取液提取方法的研究;指出对恶臭气体中的胺类和醚类除臭机理、对植物提取液提取工艺优化的研究是今后研究的重点。     

香气销魂

"香气使人迷醉,在香气中,躯体也被气态化了,犹如灵魂,成为香气的一种分子。气是精神与灵魂,香气则是灵魂的销魂。"——耿占春《观察者的幻象》     

转基因植物和食品保障

为了以可持续方式确保世界食品保障,必须解决许多与安全性、流通及其它因素有关的问题,然而,不应当忘,生产足够的食品是至关重要的,与食品有关的世界贸易问题（包括涉及生物技术应用的问题,应当成为各国之间的各公司之间不地话的课题,以共同商定的风险评价程序为基础的,国际和谐的质量安全性标准,是此类讨论的最合理依据。     

从顽拗植物荔枝中提取基因组DNA技术的研究

针对荔枝体内含有大量影响ＤＮＡ提取质量的多酚等次生代谢物质的特点,在常规ＳＤＳ和ＣＴＡＢ提取方法的基础上做了技术改进,即在核裂解之间先破碎细胞,将存在于细胞质中次生物质除去后再裂解细胞核,同时加入活性炭以吸咐杂质反复清洗几次后加入核型解液释放基因组ＤＮＡ,纯化之后经外观和电泳检测,以及Ｄ２６０ｎｍ和Ｄ２８０ｎｍ比值的测定,限制性内切酶反应,ＰＣＲ扩增的结果表明,用改进方法提取的ＤＮＡ无论在纯度上还     

铜的植物毒性与植物蓄积的关系

重金属是一类重要的环境污染物,铜是其中毒性大、分布广的一种。本文介绍了铜对植物的毒性与植物蓄积之间的关系,认为植物对铜的蓄积部位和络合方式能极大地影响铜的毒性。过量的铜能影响细胞膜的透性和细胞内酶系统的活性,影响光和色素的合成及光合作用过程。细胞壁是植物蓄积铜的重要部位;植物体内的络合物质能在细胞内将铜络合而解毒。