植物修复研究进展

本文综述了国外有关利用植物修复受污染环境的研究成果，结果表明适当的植物不仅可用于去除环境中的重金属，还可作有机污染及放射性物质。     

不同植物滞尘能力的初步研究

以麦冬、广玉兰、白玉兰、紫藤、窄叶十大功劳．杜鹃等为例，对校园内常见植物的滞尘能力与树种，叶面积．叶表面光滑程度．叶的结构与疏密度等的关系进行了初步研究。结果表明，灌木层植被的滞尘效果最明显，乔本植物离地0．6～2．6m之间的叶片滞尘效果最好．草本有吸附力的表面积与其高度有关。建议在颗粒物污染严重地区，应选择滞尘效果佳的绿化。科学配置草本、灌木．乔木的比例。形成立体绿化．做到每隔一周左右实施人工降雨或彻底冲淋树叶。而对草地修剪过勤。不利于其滞尘性能发挥。     

西藏日土县班公错地区晚更新世晚期植物群与古气候探讨

本文通过孢粉分析及¹⁴C年龄测定,恢复西藏班公错地区晚更新世晚期的植物群。约在距今40,000—42,000年（a）期间,班公错盆地曾以半荒漠-草原-荒漠交替出现;山地上有少量乔木植物。古气候比现今湿润、气温偏高,以距今3.6—2.8 × 10⁴年（a）期间的温湿最明显。     

在"认、种、养"中培养幼儿关爱植物的意识

3～6岁的孩子，正值环境道德意识、情感和行为形成的关键时期，如果在他们的童年留下环境保护这一印记，他们长大成人后会懂得人是自然的一部分，会自觉去保护环境、爱护环境。     

红厚壳在海南岛的分布及其生长习性

红厚壳在海南岛一直是适应性强，分布广泛的珍贵植物资源。调查结果表明，在经济建设，农业土地开发等压力下，海南岛的红厚壳植物资源正日趋减少，目前仅在琼山，文昌等地区还保留较丰富，南部地区已绝迹，西部地区也难以见到。     

冰清玉洁是荷花

美人如花。美而不妖的美人恰似荷花。 “三秋桂子,十里荷花”,当年宋代词人柳永状写钱塘(杭州)的形胜和都市繁盛,咏西湖之佳丽,游人之鼎沸的《望海潮》一词既出,风靡天下。罗大经《鹤林玉露》称“此词流播,金主亮(完颜亮)闻歌,欣然有慕于‘三秋桂子,十里荷花’遂起投鞭渡江之志。”可见此词影响之大,荷花魅力至深。     

Streamwater chemistry and flow dynamics along vegetation-soil gradient in a subalpine Abies fabri forest watershed, China

Streamwater chemistry and spatial flow dynamics from a subalpine Abies fabri forest in an experimental watershed located in the east slope of Gongga Mountain were analyzed to gain insights into the gradient effect of primary community succession on the stream biogeochemical process. Results showed that high sand content (exceeding 80%) and porosity in the soil(exceeding 20% in A horizon and 35% in B horizon), as well as a thick humus layer on the soil surface, made the water exchange quickly in the Huangbengliu (HBL) watershed. Consequently, no surface runoff was observed, and the stream discharge changed rapidly with the daily precipitation. The flow trends of base ions in the stream water were influenced by the Abies fabri succession gradient. Ca^2 , HCO3^- and SO4^2,- were the dominant anions in the streamwater in this region. A significant difference of Ca^2 , HCO3^- and SO4^2- concentration exported between the succession stages in the watershed can be found. But they had the similar temporal change in the stream flow. Ca^2 , HCO3^- and SO4^2- showed significantly negative correlations with the daily precipitation and the stream discharge. Concentrations of Cl^- , Na^ , K^ , and Mg^2 were low in all streamwaters monitored and we observed no differences along the Abies fabri succession gradient. Low ratios of Na. (Na Ca) (range from 0.1 to 0.2) implied cations were from bedrock weathering (internal source process in the soil system) in this region. But, a variance analysis showed there were almost no differences between rainwater and streamwaters for Mg^2 , Na^ , K^ , and Cl^- concentrations. This indicated that they might be come from rainfall inputs(external source). The highly mobile capacity, rapid water exchange between precipitation and discharge, and long-term export lead to this observed pattern were suggested.     

Potential of weed species applied to remediation of soils contaminated with heavy metals

To screen out a series of ideal plants that can effectively remedy contaminated soils by heavy metals is the main groundwork of phytoremediation engineering and the first step of its commercial application on a large scale. In this study, accumulation and endurance of 45 weed species in ]6 families from an agricultural site were in situ examined by using the pot-culture field experiment, and the remediation potential of some weed species with high accumulation of heavy metals was assayed. The results showed that Solanum nigrum and Conyza canadensis can not only accumulate high concentration of Cd, but also strongly endure to single Cd and Cd-Pb-Cu-Zn combined pollution. Thus 2 weed species can be regarded as good hyperaccumulators for the remediation of Cd-contaminated soils. Although there were high Cd-accumulation in Artemigia selengensis, Znula britannica and Cephalanoplos setosum, their biomass was adversely affected due to action of heavy metals in the soils. If the problem of low endurance to heavy metals can be solved by a reinforcer, 3 weed species can be perhaps applied commercially.     

人工湿地生态根孔技术及其应用

人工湿地亚表层介质的堵塞问题一直是湿地系统持续有效运行的障碍,极大地限制了人工湿地技术的大规模工程应用.通过白洋淀自然湿地现场研究,发现由大型水生植物所形成的根孔异常发达,径级不等的死活根孔混合在一起,组成了庞大的湿地根孔网络.人工湿地生态根孔技术通过模拟白洋淀湿地自然的芦苇根孔系统,以人为填埋的植物秸秆作为湿地的填料/介质,有效地改变了土壤亚表层大孔隙结构,为人工湿地建设和应用开辟了一条新途径.通过构筑根孔和自然根孔之间的过渡和湿地根孔的不断更新,实现湿地填料/介质的自我更新,克服了一般潜流人工湿地其填料/介质易发生堵塞的缺点.构筑根孔有效填补了人工湿地运行初期大量自然根孔尚未形成的空白期.该技术在小试湿地中获得了成功应用.以玉米秸秆和地肤秸秆作为小试模拟湿地的填埋介质,其填埋量体积比为2%～4%.与未填埋秸秆的基质土壤处理单元相比,填埋秸秆处理单元其导水效率和营养盐去除能力都得到了有效提高.研究结果表明:填埋秸秆腐烂后形成的构筑根孔其水分侧向入渗率是基质土壤的20倍左右.在中、低营养盐负荷情况下,填埋秸秆处理单元对溶解性总氮(DTN)去除率平均提高4.5%～27.1%;对溶解性总磷(DTP)去除率平均提高7.0%～20.4%.     

壳聚糖辅助下玉米修复铅污染土壤能力的研究

为了研究壳聚糖辅助下玉米(ZeamaysL.)对铅污染土壤的修复能力,采用L9(34)正交试验进行研究,考虑了4因素3水平,4因素为土壤铅含量、壳聚糖含量、壳聚糖溶液pH值以及加入壳聚糖后的提取时间.研究结果表明,加入壳聚糖会造成玉米生长停滞,甚至死苗,原因在于壳聚糖属于天然高分子有机物,会造成土壤板结,阻碍植物吸收水分,同时壳聚糖将土壤中的大量重金属溶出,造成玉米重金属中毒.加入壳聚糖后,玉米对铅的吸收较对照结果有很大提高,壳聚糖能够促进铅元素从土壤向植物体内转移,但壳聚糖促进铅元素从玉米地下部分向地上部分转移的能力较弱;综合壳聚糖的促进效果,在土壤铅含量为1.8g·kg-1,壳聚糖含量为5mmol·kg-1(土),壳聚糖溶液pH值为4.5,提取时间为7天的条件下,有利于促进铅在玉米地上部分的吸收.