辽宁省菱镁矿区生态修复研究

针对辽宁省菱镁矿区资源状况与环境问题,提出菱镁矿区土地生态修复技术对策,包括土壤污染等级分类对策、不同立地条件土地复垦适宜性评价与对策、板结土壤复垦技术与对策和排土场贫瘠土壤肥力改良修复对策,进行适宜性复垦植物筛选与复垦效果评价。     

人工湿地处理不同废水工艺与植物优化配置研究

从各种废水处理技术类型及其处理效果与经济效益出发,针对近年来人工湿地技术的应用情况,综述了国内外利用人工湿地技术处理生活污水、污染河流和富营养化水体、农村污水和畜牧养殖废水、城市地表径流、工业废水(包括造纸废水、油田废水、矿区废水等)等方面的进展,分析了人工湿地处理不同废水的工艺流程,并对湿地植物优化配置提出了相应建议,旨在为人工湿地处理废水的工程应用提供技术参考.     

湿地植物对郊区污水中氨氮净化效果的研究

采用实验模拟潜流式人工湿地的方法,通过测定污水中的氨氮指标,研究芦苇、香蒲对污水的净化效果。结果表明：单种芦苇、单种香蒲及芦苇香蒲交叉种植对氨氮的去除率分别为84．45％、72．77％、72．10％。     

产表面活性剂根际菌协同龙葵修复镉污染土壤

从某矿区重金属污染的土壤中分离筛选出一株能产生物表面活性剂的根际细菌LKS06,经生理生化特征及16S rDNA序列分析,将其鉴定为假单孢菌属(Pseudomonas sp.LKS06).生物学特性的测定表明,菌株LKS06对多种重金属有很高的耐受性,且具有分泌吲哚乙酸、产铁载体和ACC脱氨酶活性的能力,并对土壤重金属...     

植物能感受人的情感

植物能思考判断吗？美国著名的科学家巴克斯特用测谎器作过这样一个试验：先将龙血树的一片叶子浸入一杯烫咖啡中,反应并不强烈。他打算用火烧这片叶子,刚产生这个念头,测谎器记录纸上立刻出现强烈的信号反应。植物遇险,也会“昏厥”。     

石油污染土壤的植物修复的探讨

近年来,油气田开发对土壤的污染越来越严重,采用植物进行修复已经成为一个新的趋势。文章以中原油田(濮阳市采油区)土壤为研究基地,选择了多年生紫花苜蓿和黑麦草开展了初步治理工作,同时也采用本地生植物狗芽根、芦苇培养进行比较。通过一年(18月)植物对石油污染土壤的修复,发现:四种植物与微生物联合修复组合修复能力大小顺序是,苜蓿组合>向日葵组合>狗牙根组合>高丹草组合,其中紫花苜蓿与微生物构建的联合修复组合去除土壤石油污染的能力超过它们单独修复之和,去除率达到62%。     

Removal of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from aqueous solution by raw and modified plant residue materials as biosorbents

Removal of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons （PAHs）, e.g., naphthalene, acenaphthene, phenanthrene and pyrene, from aqueous solution by raw and modified plant residues was investigated to develop low cost biosorbents for organic pollutant abatement. Bamboo wood, pine wood, pine needles and pine bark were selected as plant residues, and acid hydrolysis was used as an easily modification method. The raw and modified biosorbents were characterized by elemental analysis, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy. The sorption isotherms of PAHs to raw biosorbents were apparently linear, and were dominated by a partitioning process. In comparison, the isotherms of the hydrolyzed biosorbents displayed nonlinearity, which was controlled by partitioning and the specific interaction mechanism. The sorpfion kinetic curves of PAHs to the raw and modified plant residues fit well with the pseudo second-order kinetics model. The sorption rates were faster for the raw biosorbents than the corresponding hydrolyzed biosorbents, which was attributed to the latter having more condensed domains （i.e., exposed aromatic core）. By the consumption of the amorphous cellulose component under acid hydrolysis, the sorption capability of the hydrolyzed biosorbents was notably enhanced, i.e., 6-18 fold for phenanthrene, 6-8 fold for naphthalene and pyrene and 5-8 fold for acenaphthene. The sorpfion coefficients （Kd） were negatively correlated with the polarity index [（O＋N）/C], and positively correlated with the aromaticity of the biosorbents. For a given biosorbent, a positive linear correlation between logKoc and logKow for different PAHs was observed. Interestingly, the linear plots of logKoc-logKow were parallel for different biosorbents. These observations suggest that the raw and modified plant residues have great potential as biosorbents to remove PAHs from wastewater.     

Nitrogen mass balance in a constructed wetland treating piggery wastewater effluent

The nitrogen changes and the nitrogen mass balance in a free water surface flow constructed wetland （CW） using the four-year monitoring data from 2008 to 2012 were estimated. The CW was composed of six cells in series that include the first settling basin （Cell 1）, aeration pond （Cell 2）, deep marsh （Cell 3）, shallow marsh （Cell 4）, deep marsh （Cell 5） and final settling basin （Cell 6）. Analysis revealed that the NH4＋-N concentration decreased because of ammonification which was then followed by nitrification. The NO4＋-N and NO4＋-N were also further reduced by means of microbial activities and plant uptake during photosynthesis. The average nitrogen concentration at the influent was 37,819 kg/year and approximately 45% of that amount exited the CW in the effluent. The denitrification amounted to 34% of the net nitrogen input, whereas the accretion of sediment was only 7%. The biomass uptake of plants was able to retain only 1% of total nitrogen load. In order to improve the nutrient removal by plant uptake, plant coverage in four cells （i.e., Cells 1, 3, 4 and 5） could be increased.     

Community structure and elevational diversity patterns of soil Acidobacteria

Acidobacteria is one of the most dominant and abundant phyla in soil,and was believed to have a wide range of metabolic and genetic functions. Relatively little is known about its community structure and elevational diversity patterns. We selected four elevation gradients from 1000 to 2800 m with typical vegetation types of the northern slope of Shennongjia Mountain in central China. The vegetation types were evergreen broadleaved forest,deciduous broadleaved forest,coniferous forest and sub-alpine shrubs. We analyzed the soil acidobacterial community composition,elevational patterns and the relationship between Acidobacteria subdivisions and soil enzyme activities by using the 16 S rRNA meta-sequencing technique and multivariate statistical analysis. The result found that 19 known subdivisions as well as an unclassified phylotype were presented in these forest sites,and Subdivision 6 has the highest number of detectable operational taxonomic units(OTUs). A significant single peak distribution pattern(P 0.05) between the OTU number and the elevation was observed. The Jaccard and Bray–Curtis index analysis showed that the soil Acidobacteria compositional similarity significantly decreased(P 0.01) with the increase in elevation distance. Mantel test analysis showed the most of the soil Acidobacteria subdivisions had the significant relationship(P 0.01) with different soil enzymes. Therefore,soil Acidobacteria may be involved in different ecosystem functions in global elemental cycles. Partial Mantel tests and CCA analysis showed that soil pH,soil temperature and plant diversity may be the key factors in shaping the soil Acidobacterial community structure.     

Cd污染土壤的植物修复研究进展

我国农业土壤重金属污染十分严重,在所有的重金属污染中,Cd以其移动性大、毒性高成为最受关注的重金属污染之一。修复Cd污染的土壤,已成为我国农业可持续发展亟待解决的问题。与传统环境修复技术相比,植物修复技术治理成本低廉,土壤破坏力小,安全性高,是目前发展最快的环境友好、经济、高效的治理技术。介绍了Cd污染现状、超积累植物的概念和特征、土壤重金属污染植物修复国内外研究进展,并对其发展趋势进行了分析。