“引江济太”工程对太湖水体交换的影响研究

为了探究"引江济太"工程对太湖水体的交换范围及能力的影响，本研究耦合对流扩散及水体交换模型，依据不同流量与常规风场共设置10种工况，对太湖水体的交换区域及交换周期进行数值模拟.结果表明：（1）流量是影响水体交换率的主要因素，200m³/s下贡湾的半交换周期与常规风场联系不大，稳定在8~9d左右；（2）常规风场对局部交换区域的空间分布有着明显影响，在北风和西北风条件下，太湖水体的交换区域主要集中在东湖区，东风和东南风条件下，太湖水体的交换区域主要集中在西北湖区；（3）为降低长江水体对太湖水质的不利风险，"引江济太"工程引水时间/方案应结合太湖区域气象预报，尽量选择在以东风或者东南风为主的条件下进行引水工作.     

气浮-·OH强氧化组合工艺处理高藻水的研究

以库区天然水培养的二形栅藻(Scenedesmus dimorphus)为研究对象,利用大气压强电场电离放电产生羟基自由基(·OH),结合压力溶气气浮前处理工艺处理高藻水.实验结果表明,对于藻密度为65.6×10~4 cells/mL,浊度为10.8NTU,COD_(Mn)为6.74mg/L的高藻水,在总氧化剂TRO浓度为1.03 mg/L时,藻类去除效率达到100%;总细菌,总大肠菌群和大肠埃希氏菌均未检出;出水COD_(Mn)由1.43 mg/L降至1.25mg/L,降低了10%;浊度由0.66NTU降至0.54NTU,降低了12.59在排放高藻水的主管路中·OH杀藻的接触反应时间仅为6s.因此汽浮-·OH强氧化组合工艺可高效快速地处理高藻水,为保障水源水的供水安全探索了一种新的思路.     

过硫酸钾氧化去除水和土壤中的苯胺

以过硫酸钾为氧化剂去除水和土壤中的苯胺,考察了反应温度、氧化剂浓度、初始pH等因素对氧化效果的影响。结果表明,当反应温度为40 ℃、过硫酸钾浓度为103.0 mmol/L,初始pH为5~11时,水中苯胺的降解效果最佳,降解率可达94.1%。当反应温度为40 ℃,过硫酸钾浓度为1.2 mol/L时,土壤中苯胺的降解率达到98.9%。表明过硫酸钾能够有效去除水和土壤中的苯胺,可作为苯胺污染物应急处置的一种可能的方法。     

从水质角度论黄河干流水资源

在分析1997，1998和1999年黄河干流水质监测数据及取水口水质水量资料的基础上，结合水体用途，从水质的角度对黄河干流水资源做出相关评价，并提出了水资源功能容量和水资源功能亏缺的概念，结果表明：黄河干流取水口处水质对取水水体用途的影响显著；1999年黄河干流具备水资源功能的取水量为159．42亿m^3，不具备水资源功能的取水量为80．94亿m^3，与水资源功能容量相比，黄河干流水资源功能亏缺相对较大；且在1997－1998－1999年间，干流水资源功能亏缺存在增加的趋势。     

河南省一、二、三类地表水中挥发性卤代烃含量及分布

本文针对《地表水环境质量标准》（GHZB1－1999）开展有机物监上要求，对河南省一、二、三类地表水中6种挥发性卤代烃进行了监测，25个监测断面中有5个因子不同程度地检出，但检出浓度都很低。     

用SPME测定珠江河口水体中的PCBs

报道了利用SPME技术结合电子捕获检测气相色谱 (ECD)测定珠江入海河口水体中PCBs有机污染物的含量 ,并讨论了SPME装置萃取PCBs的主要影响因素。结果表明 :在选取一定的萃取纤维头 (10 0 μmPDMS)后 ,影响萃取效果的主要因素是萃取时间的长短 ,其次为萃取的温度和pH值。在各个影响因素及不同水平处理中 ,以萃取时间 30min、萃取温度 35℃、pH值 7.2、搅拌速度 10 0 0r/min为最理想。在该种条件下测定了珠江入海四大口门虎门、横门、蕉门和斗门河口水体中PCBs含量分别为 2 .70 1、0 .999、2 .82 8和 1.16 1ng/L。     

Scenario simulation of water security in China

Umited water resources, increasing demand, low use efficiency, and serious pollution result in severe water resource difficult in China. The evaluation of addressing water problems and the search for effective countermeasures that ensure sustainable water use are key to China‘ s sustainable development. The “compound water security“ consists of food security, life security, environmental security, and economic security. By establishing a conceptual model, the water security of China has been simulated in terms of four scenarios called BAU(the business-as-usual scenario), TEC(the technology and economics scenario), IVL(the institution, values, and lifestyles scenario) and TSD(toward sustainable development) in this paper. The results indicated that water crises, especially water shortages, are being experienced now and will continue to do so for a relatively long time in China and that it is possible to reach a basic balance between supply and demand of water and grain under the TSD developing pattern by a series of approaches including technological innovation, policy adjustments, and behaviour inducement.     

Ecological service assessment of human-dominated freshwater ecosystem with a case study in Yangzhou Prefecture, China

Freshwater ecosystems provide a host of services to humanity. These services are now rapidly being lost, not least because of the inability of making the impacts measurable. To overcome this obstacle, assessment frameworks for freshwater ecosystem services are needed. A simple water equivalent framework to assess the ecological services provided by freshwater ecosystems was developed in this study. It translated the occupation of freshwater ecosystem services into biologically freshwater volumes and then compares this consumption to the freshwater throughput, that is, the ecological capacity available in this region. In this way, we use the example of Yangzhou Prefecture, to account the main categories of human occupation of water ecosystem services. The result showed that there is a huge gap between the consumption and the supply of freshwater ecosystem services. This must encourage local government to make land-use and water management decisions both economically rational and environmentally sound.     

Succession of aquatic microbial communities as a result of the water quality variations in continuous water

The changes of structural and functional parameters of aquatic microbial communities in continuous water on campus of Tsinghua University, China are investigated by polyurethane foam unit(PFU) method. The measured compositions of the communities include alga, protozoa, and some metazoa (such as rotifers). The measured indicators of water quality include water temperature, pH value, dissolved oxygen (DO), potassium permanganate index(CODMn), total nitrogen(TN), total phosphorus(TP) and chlorophyll- a(Chla). The trophic level, expressed by the trophic level indices(TL/c), is assessed with analytic hierarchy process and principal component analysis (AHP-PCA) method. The changing trends of the structural and functional parameters of aquatic microbial communities, such as Margalef index of diversity(D), Shannon-weaver index of diversity (H), Heterotropy index (HI), number of species when the colonization gets equilibrium(Seq), colonizing speed constant(G) and time spent when 90 percent of Seq colonized in PFU ( T90% ), are also analyzed. The experimental results showed the succession of aquatic microbial communities along the water flow is consistent with the water quality changes, so the parameters of microbial community can reflect the changes of water quality from the ecological view.     

城市雨水污染治理与雨水资源化

城市地区宜采用的控制雨水污染与资源化的措施，既可以减少对地表水水体的污染，又可以置换出洁净水，相当于增加了水资源供给量，对于城市的可持续发展有着重要的意义。