COVID-19病区医护人员的人工环境及生理指标变化规律

为了保护COVID-19病区医护人员身心健康并分类制定合理的工作标准,对医用防护套装下的人工热湿环境及影响生理指标变化规律进行了研究。首先,通过试验测定了防护服内外的热湿环境,然后测试了心率、体温、呼吸频率、血氧饱和度、收缩压、舒张压和血糖等生理指标的变化情况,探明了人体在二级医用防护套装下工作时长和劳动强度对人体生理状态的影响规律。结果表明,夏季穿戴医用防护服的人体长期处于温度高于33℃、相对湿度大于80%的高温高湿环境中,生理指标如体温、心率、呼吸频率和血糖与常规环境下有极大区别,且受劳动强度影响显著,生理指标容易达到极限值。因此,在制定医用防护服下的工作标准时,需同时考虑劳动强度和引发潜在疾病等风险,这些结论可为在COVID-19等传染隔离病区工作的医护人员的职业安全和安全预警提供依据。     

面向SPO的飞行员诱发振荡自适应抑制策略仿真研究

单人制机组运行(Single Pilot Operation, SPO)场景中,飞行员负荷与疲劳会使飞机操控精度降低,甚至出现飞行员诱发振荡(Pilot Induced Oscillation, PIO)现象。为缓解PIO问题,分析了飞行员操作增益和时延对飞机振荡的影响作用,并建立基于生理指标和外部条件的认知能力评估模型,以设计飞行员诱发振荡自适应调节策略。通过建立认知能力与飞行员操作水平的对应关系,实现了基于飞行员身体状态和外部条件所需为输入的飞行员诱发振荡抑制过程。以A320机型为例设置模拟场景,采用MATLAB进行仿真。结果显示：在诱发振荡初期,飞机驾驶超调量降低了约25%;50 s内,相同参数下的诱发振荡超调量平均减少了约66%,并逐渐步入稳定状态。这表明基于认知能力评估的自适应调节模型能够缓解单一飞行员工作负荷和疲劳,增加飞行员操纵的动态和静态稳定性,有效抑制了单人制机组运行时由人的因素引起的诱发振荡问题。     

事故案例展示方式和发展阶段对认知的影响研究

为研究安全培训中事故案例展示方式和发展阶段对认知的影响,以皮电和眼动追踪生理测量指标反映内在认知,设计双因素重复测量方差试验进行研究。针对事故原因设计调查问卷以反映培训效果。试验选择70位学生分成两组作为被试,统计分析皮电和眼动追踪4个生理指标的差异性和调查问卷数据。结果表明：视频相对于文字,情境诱发性更好;被试对事故前兆线索的关注度、警觉性更好;事前和事后阶段杂乱眼动行为偏少。对不同危险线索的注视时间显著不同反映出被试先验知识影响对事故前兆的感知,而此过程在文字下表现不明显。此外,平均注视时间反映视频下全程认知难度高于文字;无论哪种方式危险呈现时均以专注的注视行为为主;对事后原因分析关注度均不高,这与调查问卷对比分析结果一致。因此,事故案例培训过程可优先以视频动态方式展示,但培训教师需明确事故关键线索,特别强调事故原因以提高培训效果。     

应用生物特征识别技术还需迈过几道槛

生物特征识别技术是利用人体的生理特征对人的身份进行认证的一种技术。它通过提取人体某些生理特征，并对其中所含的信息进行处理、分析、描述和辨认，从而确定特征所有人的身份。由于生物识别技术独特的优势，将其合理有效地应用到社会治安动态防范系统中，已成为当前公安工作的迫切需要。[编者按]     

雷州桉树枝梢弯曲生理病与微肥施用效果研究初报

浅海沉积物和花岗岩发育的砖红壤,连续种枪桉树后,有些桉树品种出现的枝梢弯曲生理病与缺乏微量元素有关,施用微肥能防止枝梢弯曲生理病的发生,或对枝梢弯曲生理病有抑制和矫正作用,从而改善桉树中长状况,提高桉树生长量,使桉树能够持续速生丰产。     

用微波技术快速测定燃煤全水分试验研究

以13种不同煤矿的煤样,研究不同工艺条件对微波干燥法测定燃煤全水分的影响。结果表明,用微波技术可快速测定燃煤全水分质量分数,微波干燥法与空气干燥法测定的燃煤全水分质量分数相比较,平均偏差值为0．22％。     

Irrigation quotas for high water use efficiency and economic water productivity of typical crops in Shiyang River Basin北大核心CSCD

Water consumption in agricultural activities is the main water use in inland oases in Northwest China. Research on water conservation in agriculture is of great significance to alleviate the conflict between the use of agricultural and ecological water and is of great importance to local farmers’ livelihoods. This study, based on traditional irrigation practices (flood irrigation and fixed irrigation frequency) of Minqin County in Shiyang River Basion, was designed to reveal the impacts of five irrigation quotas (1 800, 1 440, 1 080, 720, and 360 m3/hm2) on crop yield, biomass, irrigation water use efficiency (IWUE), and economic water productivity (EWP) to determine the optimal irrigation for five crops and guide local irrigation practices. The results showed that: (1) Under the five irrigation quotas, IWUE of corn, with the highest of 12.27 kg/m3, was higher than the other four crops; (2) The average EWP of cotton with a 2-year-average of 8.0 yuan/m3 was higher than the other four crops. Thus, the economic output of cotton is the best under the same irrigation quota; (3) Considering the yield, IWUE, EWP, and biomass, corn was better than the other four typical crops; and (4) 1 080 m3/hm2 was the optimal irrigation quota for sunflower in local planting practices. In addition, 720 m3/hm2 was suitable for corn, pepper, wheat, and cotton as their irrigation quota. This study shows that reducing the amount of irrigation quota in the Shiyang River Basin can effectively improve local IWUE and EWP. © 2022 Authors. All rights reserved.