水力筛在造纸废水处理中的应用

利用水力筛回收纤维的工艺路线,既改变了已往从污泥中提取造纸纤维的作法而变为从废水中回收纤维的方法,而且简化了工艺,又提高了回收纤维的质量,还大大降低了水电消耗,具有较显著的环境效益和经济效益.现简介如下:一、水力筛的构造及其原理     

ABR处理淀粉废水的研究

探讨了厌氧折流板反应器（ABR）的运行机理,并研究了启动阶段在不同的水力条件和容积负荷下,对有机负荷为1.2-3.6 kgCODcr/（m^3·d）淀粉溶液的CODcr去除率,以及ABR工艺运行过程中的影响因素进行分析。研究结果表明,在启动阶段中低负荷反应条件下：①HRT12 h、CODcr600 mg/L、容积负荷1.2 kgCOD-cr/（m3·d）②HRT12 h、CODcr1 200 mg/L、容积负荷2.4 kgCODcr/（m3.d）;③HRT8 h、CODcr1 200 mg/L、容积负荷3.6 kgCODcr/（m3.d）,ABR反应器对CODcr均有较高的去除率。运行稳定后,ABR反应器的CODcr去除率在80%左右。     

水力坡度对溪流钙华沉积的影响

在有钙华沉积的云南白水台景区引水渠道中,通过水准测量以及导线测量的方法,获得了引水渠道各研究点的相对高程和距离。利用流速仪测定了各研究点的水流流速,通过计算获得了各研究点的总水头和水力坡度。利用水化学记录仪,在短时间内测定了各研究点的电导率、水温与pH值,结合现场滴定以及室内水样分析的结果,计算出各点的方解石饱和指数和二氧化碳分压。发现在方解石饱和指数大于0.8的研究渠段,电导率、Ca2+和HCO3-浓度沿水流方向降低,经成因分析与数学推导,得出Ca2+浓度与总水头呈线性关系,水力坡度与渠段上的钙华沉积量也呈线性关系,这是岩溶作用动力学扩散边界层控制理论的具体体现,也即水力坡度越大,流速越快,扩散边界层越薄,碳酸钙沉积速率越大。     

An innovative membrane bioreactor and packed-bed biofilm reactor combined system for shortcut nitrification-denitrification

An innovative shortcut biological nitrogen removal system, consisting of an aerobic submerged membrane bioreactor (MBR) and an anaerobic packed-bed biofilm reactor (PBBR), was evaluated for treating high strength ammonium-bearing wastewater. The system was seeded with enriched ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) and operated without sludge purge with a decreased hydraulic retention time (HRT) through three phases. The MBR was successful in both maintaining nitrite ratio over 0.95 and nitrification efficiency higher than 98% at a HRT of 24 h. The PBBR showed satisfactory denitrification efficiency with very low effluent nitrite and nitrate concentration (both below 3 mg/L). By examining the nitrification activity of microorganism, it was found that the specific ammonium oxidization rate (SAOR) increased from 0.17 to 0.51 g N/(g VSS·d) and then decreased to 0.22 g N/(g VSS·d) at the last phase, which resulted from the accumulation of extracellular polymers substances (EPS) and inert matters enwrapped around the zoogloea. In contrast, the average specific nitrite oxidization rate (SNOR) is 0.002 g N/(g VSS·d), only 1% of SAOR. Because very little Nitrobactor has been detected by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), it is confirmed that the stability of high nitrite accumulation in MBR is caused by a large amount of AOB.     

Effect of hydraulic retention time on the hydrogen yield and population of Clostridium in hydrogen fermentation of glucose

The conversion of glucose to hydrogen was evaluated using continuous stirred tank reactor at pH 5.5 with various hydraulic retention times (HRT) at 30°C. Furthermore, the population dynamics of hydrogen-producing bacteria was surveyed by fluorescence in-situ hybridization using probe Clost IV targeting the genus Clostridium based on 16S rRNA. It was clear that positive correlation was observed between the cells quantified with probe Clost IV and hydrogen yield of the respective sludge. The numbers of hydrog...     

曝气生物滤池处理生活污水的试验研究

对升流式二级曝气生物滤池去除COD和NHs—N的效果进行了试验研究,并在各个阶段对比中找出最优的运行工况,从而达到节约能源,降低运行成本的目的。通过试验对水力负荷、有机负荷、气水比等参数的变化对去除COD和NH3-N效果的影响。研究结果表明,在进水水力负荷为1～4m3／m^2·h、有机负荷为4-13kgCOD／ms·d及气水比1：1～3：1的工艺条件下,COD和NH3-N的出水水质均能满足杂用水需要。     

水力压裂诱发断层活化失稳概率分析

为评估非常规油气开采过程水力压裂诱发断层活化失稳风险,基于新库仑稳定函数,通过编程求解诱震概率,分析不同诱因下断层稳定性和失稳风险。结果表明:孔隙弹性剪应力、孔隙压力和差异压实共同作用,是断层活化失稳重要诱因。当孔隙弹性剪应力介于6~10 MPa时,断层失稳概率高达68.9%,其增幅率越大,诱发远区断层失稳风险越高。孔隙压力增量超过3 MPa,对于定向不良断层极为不利;断层倾角和落差越大,差异压实作用越显著。     

Removal of ammonium-N from ammonium-rich sewage using an immobilized Bacillus subtilis AYC bioreactor system

A self-design bioreactor system employing a fixed bed operation process with immobilized Bacillus subtilis AYC beads for NH4 +-N removal from slightly polluted water was proposed. Polyvinyl alcohol and Na-alginate were used as a gel matrix to entrap Bacillus subtilis AYC to form the immobilized beads. The NH4 +-N removal process was studied in a intermittent operation mode to examine the start-up and steady state behaviors of the immobilized AYC in the reactor. The results indicated that the reactor was in the start-up state during the first week. NH4 +-N began to be steadily removal since the second week, and the nitrogen removal rate was between 84.61% and 96.19% when the hydraulic retention time (HRT) was 30 min. To apply Bacillus subtilis AYC to develop a practical nitrogen removal system and further understand its nitrogen removal ability, the bioreactor was continuously operated under different experimental perameters. The results showed that under the optimum conditions of an HRT of 20 min and DO of 3.77–5.80 mg/L, the NH4 +-N removal rate reached 99.55%. The NH4 +-N removal rate increased as the C/N ratio increased. However, a high C/N may cause a high residual carbon level in the effluent, therefore, the most suitable C/N ratio was 10. In addition, the results showed that the bioreactor system could remove many types of nitrogen such as NH4 +-N, NO3??-N and organic-N, and had a good performance for inorganic nitrogen removal from sewage.     

Autotrophic denitrification for nitrate and nitrite removal using sulfur-limestone

In the study, both nitrate and nitrite could be removed effectively using sulfur-limestone, and the bacteria involved in sulfur-based denitrification for nitrate and nitrite removal were of the same species.     

阿布扎比的核能计划

日本福岛核电站发生的核泄漏事故让许多同家一时间谈核色变,中国及多个中东围家却选择逆水行舟,仍计划大力发展核能科技。3月28日,阿联酋政府还是确定将进一步推进民用核反应堆的发展计划。 阿联酋水电部部长阿卜杜拉·赛义夫·纳依米曾在阿拉伯电力及水力峰会上表示：“我们应在这一地区促进核能技术的发展。”