藻类生态毒理学研究进展

综述了重金属和部分有机化合物对藻类的生态毒理效应,并探讨了藻类对污染物的富集和降解机制.大量研究证实,重金属对藻类在各个水平上均产生影响,但不同重金属对不同的藻种有不同的毒性效应.而有机物对藻类的影响则可归纳为4个方面.     

焦化废水对水生生物的毒性研究

焦化废水是一种典型的含有难降解有机化合物的有毒、有害工业废水,排入水体后对水生生物产生直接影响,监测天然水体中生物的种群和数量,可以反映长期的、综合的污染效应,还可以反过来推断污染源.该研究参照美国EPA的水中优先检测污染物以及我国优先检测污染物的名单,重点检测了有机污染物在焦化废水的分布,选择藻类和水蚤来检测河水及焦化厂排污水的毒性.     

大庆地区水体环境的水生生物调查结果与评价

结合区域工业污染源的构成特点，对分布在油田的13个湖库进行了浮游生物和底栖动物的调查，从生物学角度，科学地评价了各类水体的污染程度，为保护和合理开发利用地表水资源，污染源的优化管理，实现污染物的总量控制提供了科学依据。     

渤海湾紧急呼救

渤海湾继同乐鱼、快鱼绝迹，螃蟹、平鱼、黄花鱼、毛蚶、对虾形不成渔汛之后，渤海的特有鱼种棘头鱼，今年又不见影踪。面对大自然一连串的报复和惩罚．再也不能沉默了，于是一前不久，一个患了绝症的病人在生命的弥留之际想喝一碗鲜棘头鱼场，家人、亲友转遍了渔港码头，竟一无所获。棘头鱼美的绝迹了吗？俗话说“河里没鱼市上看”。市场上倒是偶尔有卖的，每公斤150元左右．简直是软黄金。可据内行人说，那也都是去年冷冻的，小贩们化开后用大米汤一拌，再点上黄色的花生油，便酷似鲜的，一吃便知那味道差之千里。真正的鲜棘头鱼根本没见…     

水环境中重金属的生物积累研究及应用

本文综述了水环境中重金属在水生生物体内（包括鱼类的鳃、软体动物及贝类的肾、肝和肌肉等组织器官）蓄积研究现状及蓄积规律。利用生物积累的特性，为重金属污染的防治及生物监测提供参考。     

《生态毒理学报》影响因子大幅度提高

<正>在各位专家学者及编辑部同仁共同努力下,《生态毒理学报》影响因子又有大幅度提高,根据最新的《中国科技期刊引证报告(2009)》统计,《生态毒理学报》影响因子为1.527(扩展版)和     

三丁基锡(TBT)对罗非鱼两组织SOD和GSH的影响

以雄性奥利亚罗非鱼(Oreochromis aureus)为试验材料,研究腹腔注射染毒三丁基锡(TBT)后鱼类肝脏和精巢超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和谷胱甘肽(GSH)的变化(剂量分别为0、1 μg/kg、3 μg/kg、5 μg/kg、10 μg/kg).结果表明,雄性奥利亚罗非鱼肝脏和精巢中的SOD正常值分别为(42.04±2.55) U/mg prot和(27.70±2.34) U/mg prot,GSH的正常值分别为(243.87±5.63) mg/g prot和(154.84±4.66) mg/g prot,精巢组织低于肝脏组织;染毒后各处理组肝脏与精巢均高于对照组且差异极显著;随着注射剂量的增高,不同处理时间内两组织SOD活性和GSH的含量均先升高后降低,在3 μg/kg体重时都达到最高值,表明TBT对肝脏和精巢中SOD活性和GSH含量均具有一定的诱导激活作用.研究表明,TBT可以通过影响精巢中抗氧化防御系统对雄性生殖细胞造成伤害,并因此增加了破坏鱼类资源的风险.     

Vertical and temporal distribution of nitrogen and phosphorus and relationship with their influencing factors in aquatic-terrestrial ecotone： a case study in Taihu Lake, China

Vertical and temporal distributions of N and P in soil solution in aquatic-terrestrial ecotone （ATE） of Taihu Lake were investigated, and the relations among N, P, ORP （oxidation reduction potential）, TOC, root system biomass and microorganism were studied. As a whole, significant declines in TN, NO3^--N, DON （dissolved organic nitrogen） and TP concentration in soil solution have occurred with increase of the depth, and reached their minima at 60 cm depth, except for NH4^＋-N, which increased with depth. The concentration of TP increased gradually from spring to winter in the topsoil, the maximum 0.08 mg/L presented in the winter while the minimum 0.03 mg/L in spring. In the deeper layer, the concentration value of TP fluctuated little. As for the NO3^--N, its seasonal variation was significant at 20 cm depth, its concentration increased gradually from spring to autumn, and decreased markedly in winter. Vertical and temporal distribution of DON is contrary to that of NO3^--N. The results also show that the variation of N and P in the percolate between adjacent layers is obviously different. The vertical variation ofTN, TP, NO3^--N, NH4^＋-N and DON is significant, of which the variation coefficient of NO3^--N along the depth reaches 100.23%, the highest; while the variation coefficient of DON is 41.14%, the smallest. The results of correlation analysis show that the concentration of nitrogen and phosphorus correlate significantly with TOC, ORP, root biomass and counts of nitrifying bacteria. Most nutrients altered much from 20 to 40 cm along the depth. However, DON changed more between 60 and 80 cm. Results show that soil of 0-60 cm depth is active rhizoplane, with strong capability to remove the nitrogen and phosphorus in ATE. It may suggest that there exists the optimum ecological efficiency in the depth of above 60 cm in reed wetland. This will be very significant for ecological restoration and reestablishment.     

城市水循环中的微量污染物负荷

污水中不同的有机化合物,例如,药物、个人护理产品中的添加物、家用化学物质和工业化学等物质都对水生生态系统和人类健康带来了潜在威胁.这些污染物质的大部分在环境中含量非常低,范围在pg/L至ng/L间,因此,被称为微量污染物.这些微量污染物质对水生生态系统和人类健康的威胁表现在内分泌干扰作用、化学敏感作用,污染混合物的交互作用以及长期暴露下的慢性作用.     

Phytoremediation of levonorgestrel in aquatic environment by hydrophytes

Adsorption and degradation of levonorgestrel （LNG） by two hydrophytes, Cyperus alternfolius （CA） and Eichhornia crassipes （EC）, were investigated under light-shielding conditions in the water column. Variations of LNG concentrations in water, plant root epidermis, root, stem and leaf of the plants were analyzed. The results indicated that the removal efficiency of LNG by hydrophytes over the period of 50 days was significantly greater than the blank control （p 〈 0.05）, with the removal rates of 79.80%± 3.10% and 78.86% ± 2.55% for CA and EC, respectively. Compared with bio-adsorption, bio-conversion of LNG was found to be the dominant elimination pathway, evidenced by relatively high conversion rates （77.31% ±2.68% for CA and 77.82% ± 2.95% for EC）, while the adsorption rates were lower （1.77% ± 0.90% for CA and 1.05% ± 0.40% for EC）. The bio-adsorption and conversion of LNG showed no significant differences between the two hydrophytes. Additionally, the mineralization on root epidermis played an important role in the reduction of LNG in water.