排水对若尔盖高寒沼泽CO2和CH4排放通量的影响

建立3块标准样地（天然沼泽、1990s和1970s排水沼泽）,于2014年生长季期间,采用静态箱-快速温室气体分析仪野外原位观测CO₂和CH₄排放通量.结果表明：沼泽排水增加了土壤温度（5,20,45cm）,但降低沼泽水位;1990s[（680±329）mg CO₂/（m²·h）]和1970s排水沼泽[（973±234）mg CO₂/（m²·h）]生态系统CO₂排放通量分别较天然沼泽增加了200%和330%,但CH₄排放通量[（0.78±0.52）mg CH₄/（m²·h）]和[（-0.01±0.02）mg CH₄/（m²·h）]较天然沼泽分别降低了90%和100%;综合考虑两者排放通量,1990s[（186±89）mg C/（m²·h）]和1970s排水沼泽[（265±64）mg C/（m²·h）]生态系统碳（C）排放通量较天然沼泽分别增加了180%和300%.天然沼泽、1990s和1970s排水沼泽生态系统CO₂排放通量与5cm土壤温度存在显著正相关,而仅1990s排水沼泽生态系统CO₂排放通量与水位存在显著负相关.天然沼泽生态系统CH₄排放通量与土壤温度（5,20,45cm）存在显著正相关,但1970s排水沼泽生态系统CH₄排放通量与土壤温度（20,45cm）存在显著负相关,1990s排水沼泽生态系统CH₄排放通量与水位存在显著正相关.沼泽排水显著增加了若尔盖高寒沼泽生态系统C排放通量,降低了沼泽C汇功能,可能增强区域气候变暖.     

Effects of elevated CO2 concentration and nitrogen supply on biomass and active carbon of freshwater marsh after two growing seasons in Sanjiang Plain, Northeast China

An experiments were carried out with treatments differing in nitrogen supply (0, 5 and 15 g N/m²) and CO₂ levels (350 and 700 μmol/mol) using OTC (open top chamber) equipment to investigate the biomass of Calamagrostis angustifolia and soil active carbon contents after two years. The results showed that elevated CO₂ concentration increased the biomass of C. angustifolia and the magnitude of response varied with each growth period. Elevated CO₂ concentration has increased aboveground biomass by 16.7% and 17.6% during the jointing and heading periods and only 3.5% and 9.4% during dough and maturity periods. The increases in belowground biomass due to CO₂ elevation was 26.5%, 34.0% and 28.7% during the heading, dough and maturity periods, respectively. The responses of biomass to enhanced CO₂ concentrations are differed in N levels. Both the increase of aboveground biomass and belowground biomass were greater under high level of N supply (15 g N/m²). Elevated CO₂ concentration also increased the allocation of biomass and carbon in root. Under elevated CO₂ concentration, the average values of active carbon tended to increase. The increases of soil active soil contents followed the sequence of microbial biomass carbon (10.6%) > dissolved organic carbon (7.5%) > labile oxidable carbon (6.6%) > carbohydrate carbon (4.1%). Stepwise regressions indicated there were significant correlations between the soil active carbon contents and plant biomass. Particularly, microbial biomass carbon, labile oxidable carbon and carbohydrate carbon were found to be correlated with belowground biomass, while dissolved organic carbon has correlation with aboveground biomass. Therefore, increased biomass was regarded as the main driving force for the increase in soil active organic carbon under elevated CO₂ concentration.     

秸秆与煤矸石混配基质对水稻生长特性的影响

该文以探究对玉米秸秆不同前处理后与煤矸石不同配比制作可完全替代泥炭为主要原料的水稻育苗基质为目的,采用玉米秸秆和煤矸石为原料,分为1%NaOH处理与未处理玉米秸秆进行堆腐发酵,将堆腐后玉米秸秆与煤矸石按体积比设立6种基质梯度进行混配后开展水稻育苗生长实验,同时以商品化育苗基质为对照,研究6种不同梯度基质对水稻秧苗生长特性及生物量的影响,以期提供最佳的水稻育苗基质。研究结果表明:未经1%NaOH处理堆腐的玉米秸秆与煤矸石混配后,水稻出苗率70%,不宜用作水稻育苗基质;经1%NaOH处理堆腐的玉米秸秆与煤矸石合理混配后水稻秧苗生长状况较佳,且当玉米秸秆∶煤矸石∶珍珠岩=54%∶36%∶10%时,水稻秧苗的地上干重、地下干重和壮苗指数最高,叶片叶绿素含量最大,与CK处理相比,分别提高了50.5%、68.5%、69.4%和8.3%;当玉米秸秆∶煤矸石∶珍珠岩=63%∶27%∶10%时,水稻叶龄进程最短,根茎最粗,说明2种配比均可替代泥炭生产水稻育苗基质。     

不同水分条件沼泽湿地土壤轻组有机碳与微生物活性动态

通过野外实验与室内分析,对三江平原生长季内毛果苔草(Carex lasiocapa)沼泽湿地生物量及0~20cm土壤不同有机碳组分进行观测,分析了不同水分条件下毛果苔草湿地土壤轻组有机碳(LFOC)与微生物量碳(MBC)的变化动态.结果表明,随水位增加毛果苔草群落地上生物量积累明显,与10~20cm积水条件相比,17~30cm水位状况下湿地土壤具有较高的轻组有机质含量与比例.生长季初期冻融过程提高了土壤轻组分(LF)有机碳含量与LFOC含量,之后随植物生长毛果苔草沼泽湿地土壤重组有机碳(HFOC)含量增长快于LFOC,说明毛果苔草沼泽湿地土壤具有较高的重组有机质持有能力.此外不同水位条件下毛果苔草沼泽湿地微生物活性受到土壤有机碳含量影响不同,低水位条件下微生物量碳与SOC呈显著正相关关系(R2=0.859),17~30cm水位条件下二者关系不显著,并且高水位毛果苔草沼泽湿地具有较低的MBC与微生物熵,表明该条件下土壤碳库具有较高的稳定性.     

哈泥沼泽成炭植物对地表水氮和磷的适应性分析

明晰泥炭沼泽中的成炭植物对地表水氮磷因子的适应性,对于退化泥炭地的植被恢复,从植物残体中重建过去的环境变化以及预测未来沼泽植物群落组成的变化具有十分重要的意义。2014—2016年生长季调查长白山区的哈泥泥炭地28种成炭植物盖度,测量样方附近地表水中的氮(N)、磷(P)浓度,采用广义加和模型模拟成炭植物的氮磷环境,分析其对地表水氮磷的适应性,并预测氮沉降背景下植物群落组成的变化。结果表明,沼泽地表水氮和磷的浓度具有较大的年际和季节变化。调查的大部分维管束植物盖度最大值对应的氮浓度集中在1～2 mg/L,磷浓度在0.02～0.03 mg/L,丘上的藓类植物所在地表水的氮磷浓度约高于维管植物的1/3。不同物种适应的氮磷环境的最适值有差异,例如,锈色泥炭藓(Sphagnum fuscum)对应氮的最适值为9 mg/L,羊胡子草(Eriophorum vaginatum)和狭叶泥炭藓(S.cuspidatum)对应磷的最适值分别为0.15 mg/L和0.2 mg/L。同时也发现,地表水中氮、磷浓度偏高的物种对应的氮磷的生态幅也比较宽。广义加和模型揭示出大果毛篙豆(Oxycoccus palus...     

泥炭吸附法处理含铬废水

探索了影响泥炭吸铬的主要因素,并根据吸附实验,设计了一套处理水量5吨/小时的工业装置。通过经济分析,认为该工艺在处理效果和经济上都具有可行性。     

Contribution of winter fluxes to the annual CH4, CO2 and N2O emissions from freshwater marshes in the Sanjiang Plain

Introduction C arbon dioxide, m ethane and nitrous oxide play im portant roles in the radiation balance of the earth contributing to the greenhouse effect (Rodhe, 1990). N 2O also takes part in the destruction of stratospheric ozone (W ang, 1999). N atura…     

三江平原植被组成及开发对地域生态环境的影响分析

阐述了三江平原植被的生态功能;论证了三江平原植被的组成特点;分析了由于50多年大规模开发改造,极大地改变了三江平原的原始植被,破坏自然生态环境;提出了三江平原植被的生态环境保护及治理对策.     

泥炭树脂颗粒对水溶液中十二烷基苯磺酸钠的去除

泥炭树脂颗粒对水溶液中十二烷基苯磺酸钠 (SDBS)具有很好的去除效果。数据分析表明 ,Freundlich和 Langmuir吸附等温方程可以很好地描述这一过程。通过 L angmuir方程计算出颗粒对 SDBS的最大吸附量为 3 3 .3 3 mg·g- 1。在试验条件下 ,吸附量随着 SDBS的初始浓度增加而增加 ,当溶液的初始 p H在 4～ 8的范围时 ,颗粒对 SDBS吸附量变化很小。溶液的初始浓度对吸附速率产生明显影响 ,浓度越低吸附速率越快 ,达到吸附平衡所需的时间越短。准二级动力学模型能够很好地描述颗粒对 SDBS的吸附过程。     

泥炭沼泽地碳循环研究

介绍了在泥炭沼泽湿地中碳循环的研究方法，手段和研究内容，阐述了主要的研究结果。