北美国家的湿地恢复及对中国太湖恢复的启示

以美国旧金山海湾带和加拿大安大略省沼泽湿地生态恢复为例,探讨了其成功经验,并指出了我国太湖恢复建设主要存在五个方面问题：理论技术体系相对滞后;恢复工程实施系统性缺乏;投融资方式单一化;恢复管理体系不完善;公众参与力度薄弱。据此提出相关建议,力求探索完善我国太湖生态恢复的有效路径。     

Influence of flooding and vegetation on carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus dynamics in the pore water of a Spartina alterniflora salt marsh

Four sites were selected in a salt marsh in the Bah′?a Blanca Estuary (Argentina): (1) low marsh (flooded by the tide twice daily) vegetated by S. alterniflora; (2) non-vegetated low marsh; (3) high marsh (flooded only in spring tides) vegetated by S. alterniflora; (4) non-vegetated high marsh. The pH and Eh were measured in sediments, while dissolved nutrients (ammonium, nitrate, nitrite and phosphate) and particulate organic matter (POM) were determined in pore water. pH (6.2–8.7) was only a ected by vegetation in low areas. Eh (from –300 to 250 mV) was lower at low sites than at high ones; in the latter, the values were higher in the non-vegetated sediments. The POM concentration was greater in the high marsh than in the low marsh, with no e ect of vegetation. Ammonium was the most abundant nitrogen nutrient species in pore water, except in the non-vegetated high marsh where nitrate concentration was higher. All nitrogen nutrients were a ected by both flooding and vegetation. Phosphate was always present in pore water at all sites throughout the year and its concentration varied within narrow limits, with no e ect of flooding and greater values always at non-vegetated sites. Our results showed that the variability of the pore water composition within the marsh is greater than the temporal variation, meaning that both tidal flooding and vegetation are important in the dynamics of nutrients and organic matter in the sediment pore water.     

欧盟的生物燃料像石油一样是高碳经济

研究结果关于油棕榈种植园温室气体排放的一项新研究已经计算出CO₂排放水平,它比以前认为的数据增长50%以上。英国莱萨斯特大学为国际清洁运输委员会（一个国际智囊团）做了一项新研究,希望估算出与生物柴油生产相关的温室气体排放量。受命提炼     

稻壳与污泥共热解对污泥炭特性及其重金属生态风险的影响

污泥热解过程中,辅料是影响热解产物性质的主要因素之一.本文研究了添加废弃生物质辅料——稻壳(0、25%、50%)对污泥炭性质、结构和重金属含量、生物有效性及生态风险的影响.实验结果表明,稻壳添加比例为50%时,污泥炭产率及其H/C和O/C比均为最小值,而其pH值和比表面积均达到最大值,污泥炭芳香化程度明显提高.同时,添加稻壳致污泥炭所含重金属存于生物有效态的含量显著降低.通过RAC风险评估,稻壳添加比例为25%时,较原污泥,污泥炭中Cu、Zn、Mn和Ni 4种元素风险水平均有不同程度的减小,而当添加比例为50%时,污泥炭中除Cu元素以外,其余各重金属风险等级均为低风险或无风险.表明污泥与稻壳共热解可有效降低污泥中重金属潜在生态风险水平,且当稻壳添加比例为50%时处理效果最优,本研究结果为污泥与稻壳资源化和无害化利用提供了理论依据.     

环丙沙星在亚高山草甸土和沼泽土中的吸附特性

为了研究环丙沙星（Ciprfloxacin,CIP）在土壤中的吸附过程及主要影响因素,以川西北高原亚高山草甸土和沼泽土为研究对象,采用OECD guideline 106批平衡方法,分析了亚高山草甸土和沼泽土对CIP的吸附动力学特征、吸附热力学特征以及pH、温度、CIP初始浓度等对其吸附过程的影响.结果表明:①不同初始浓度CIP在两种土壤中的吸附过程均符合准二级吸附动力学模型,R2为0.920 2~0.988 6.②Freundlich等温吸附模型能够较好地拟合两种土壤对CIP的吸附热力学过程,吸附等温线符合“L”型.③在15~35℃范围内,吸附热力学参数ΔHθ（吉布斯自由能）和ΔGθ（焓变）均小于0,ΔSθ（熵变）大于0,表明两种土壤对CIP的吸附过程以物理吸附为主,属于吸附体系混乱度增加的自发进行的放热反应.④吸附容量lg K_f满足沼泽土大于亚高山草甸土,说明沼泽土对CIP的吸附能力强于亚高山草甸土,且两种土壤的吸附能力与CIP的初始浓度呈正相关.⑤在pH为3~9条件下,吸附量均随pH的增加呈现先增后减的趋势,当pH为5时,两种土壤对CIP的吸附效果均最好,表明强酸和碱性环境均不利于土壤对CIP的吸附.研究显示,CIP在两种土壤中的吸附容量、吸附强度以及吸附速率均存在较大差异,温度、CIP的初始浓度和pH对两种土壤吸附CIP存在一定影响.