Evaluating the emission status of light-duty gasoline vehicles and motorcycles in Macao with real-world remote sensing measurement

Roadside remote sensing measurement was used to explore the real-world emission status of light duty gasoline vehicles （LDGVs） and motorcycles in Macao. Both fuel-based and distance-based emission factors were derived using the mass balance method. The emission concentration profile of LDGVs illustrated the benefits of tightening emission standards at the source country or region of import. The distance-based emission factors for CO, HC and NOx of LDGVs registered before 2000 were 8.00, 1.04 and 1.36 g/km, respectively. The distance-based emission factors for CO, HC and NOx of LDGVs registered in or after 2000 were 1.16, 0.15 and 0.18 g/km, respectively. The fuel-based CO emission factors of light duty motorcycles （LDMCs） and heavy duty motorcycles （HDMCs） registered before 2000 were about 10 times higher than those of LDGVs of the same age group. As the emissions of LDGVs decreased more quickly after 2000, the gap widens for newer vehicles. The distance-based HC emission factors of LDMCs and HDMCs registered before 2000 were 4.81 and 2.91 g/km, respectively. The distance-based HC emission factors of LDMCs and HDMCs registered in or after 2000 were 3.52 and 0.93 g/km, respectively. The poor emission performance of motorcycles and their larger share in the traffic flow will cause them to be the major contributor to traffic CO and HC emissions. LDMCs, especially two-stroke models, should be the priority for vehicle emission control efforts in Macao.     

On-board measurement of emissions from liquefied petroleum gas, gasoline and diesel powered passenger cars in Algeria

On-board measurements of unit emissions of CO,HC,NOx and CO2 were conducted on 17 private cars powered by different types of fuels including gasoline,dual gasoline–liquefied petroleum gas(LPG),gasoline,and diesel. The tests performed revealed the effect of LPG injection technology on unit emissions and made it possible to compare the measured emissions to the European Artemis emission model. A sequential multipoint injection LPG kit with no catalyst installed was found to be the most efficient pollutant reduction device for all of the pollutants,with the exception of the NOx. Specific test results for a sub-group of LPG vehicles revealed that LPG-fueled engines with no catalyst cannot compete with catalyzed gasoline and diesel engines. Vehicle age does not appear to be a determining parameter with regard to vehicle pollutant emissions. A fuel switch to LPG offers many advantages as far as pollutant emissions are concerned,due to LPG's intrinsic characteristics.However,these advantages are being rapidly offset by the strong development of both gasoline and diesel engine technologies and catalyst converters. The LPG's performance on a chassis dynamometer under real driving conditions was better than expected. The enforcement of pollutant emission standards in developing countries is an important step towards introducing clean technology and reducing vehicle emissions.     

巷道通风气流对氡浓度测量的影响

为了提高花岗岩山体水平巷道内的氡浓度测量数据的可靠性,对氡浓度测量方法进行了研究。通过对不同通风状态下,测氡仪在不同放置位置的测量数据进行分析,研究巷道形状对测量数据的影响程度。测量结果表明:(1)自然通风状态下,坑道内氡浓度基本均匀一致。在测量区域无其他因素影响的情况下,测量仪器可以放置在任意位置。(2)机械通风状态下,空气流通断面内氡浓度存在差异;而涡流区氡浓度与空气流通断面内氡浓度差异更为明显,浓度分布情况比较复杂。在进行巷道内氡浓度测量时,应将仪器放置在流通断面的中心位置,尽可能避开涡流区。     

生物毒性测试在环境与健康综合监测中的应用

环境与健康监测是针对环境中有毒有害污染物污染特征和水平,对人体及相关生物健康的影响,及其两者间关系开展的系统监测。文章介绍了环境健康领域在我国的监测评价技术现状和发展方向,重点分析了生物监测技术,尤其是生物毒性测试技术在环境健康综合监测中的应用;总结了毒性测试技术的特点、在化学品、工业废水、环境水体、饮用水等各类水体中的应用研究情况。为加快我国环境健康综合监测体系的建立和完善,建议开展生物测试技术的应用,以更好支撑环境与健康风险的管理和决策。     

专利资讯

正专利名称:一种快速、智能的废旧塑料分类方法专利申请号:CN201310507509.0公开号:CN103499552A申请日:2013.10.23公开日:2014.01.08申请人:天津工业大学本发明涉及一种废旧塑料的快速智能分类方法。具体为先用衰减全反射傅立叶变换红外光谱仪扫描样品的红外光谱,得到红外光谱数据矩阵。之后将数据矩阵进行预处理,包括标准化、主成分分析降维。最后采用系统聚类方法对降维后的数据进行聚类分析。结果表明,本方法所采用的样品测试手段无需样品预处理,测样速度快,所采用的主成分分析系统聚类模式识别方法可以对废旧塑料的分类达到100%     

无组织排放中二氧化硫测量不确定度的评价

本文的目的是对无组织排放中二氧化硫测量的不确定度进行分析和评价。方法:对二氧化硫的测定选择甲醛缓冲液吸收盐酸副玫瑰苯胺分光光度法,抽取样品后按照GBZ/T160.33-2004对其进行十次重复测量,对测量结果进行不确定度评定。实验结果表明,无组织排放中二氧化硫测量结构分析,其含量为(0.808±0.213)μg/ml,k为2,p为95%,相对标准扩展不确定度为2×1.50%=3.0%。在实验中得出以下结论,在无组织排放二氧化硫测量不确定分析中,发现采样体积、标准物质不确定度、实验总体误差等均是主要的因素。     

模拟月尘颗粒真空辐射条件下粘附力测试技术研究

目的研究适合于真空辐射条件下颗粒粘附力的测试技术。方法采用调研、分析和计算的方法建立颗粒物粘附力测试方法。首先调研分析大气条件下颗粒粘附力的测试方法,对比分析原子力显微镜测试方法、离心测试方法、静电测试方法、振动分离测试方法以及激光测试方法的适用性。结果现有测试方法并不适用于真空辐射条件下颗粒物粘附力的测试。针对该问题建立了基于颗粒运动的粘附力分析测试方法,通过该方法可获取颗粒带电量和粘附力,给出了基于该方法的试验系统和试验装置的初步设计。结论该测试方法可行,能够满足模拟月尘颗粒粘附力测试的要求。     

关于不同类型教室声环境特点实验的研究

依据《室内混响时间测量规范》,对高校不同类型教室的空场和满场混响时间进行测量,分析测得数据,研究不同类型教室的混响时间的规律,从而为教学楼的声学设计提供科学依据。     

美国的排污权交易：从第一代到第三代的考察

美国最成功的排污权交易制度当属铅添加剂信用交易制度和SO2排放权交易制度。它们的成功归因于一系列因素,比如：创设一种统一同质的商品、使用一种完全以排放为依据的绩效测量手段、交易行为由私人自愿来完成等等。     

成都市主要交通干道噪声时空分布分析

近年来随着城市机动车保有量的迅速增长,城市交通噪声日益严重。现有的交通噪声测量法要求仪器固定,从而使噪声的大面积监测工作繁重而不经济。该文的主要研究目的是通过设计实验评价声级计移动测量方法的可行性,并以成都市为例应用该方法测量城市交通噪声,进行噪声的时空分布。研究表明,声级计移动测量城市交通噪声是可行的。道路交通噪声的大小与道路等级、道路所处商圈有关。例如,成都市二环路由于地处较为繁华的商圈而使得噪声值在3个测量时段都较大,均在75 dB(A)左右,三环路的噪声污染也由于车速较快和车辆较多而较其他环路严重。