势能增氧生物控藻技术研究

势能增氧生物控藻利用生物控藻技术,结合生态学、水力学和污水生物处理原理,由势能增氧生态床和循环系统组成.势能增氧生态床内投加填料,自行挂膜.通过虹吸,利用水流势能进行大气复氧,逐层增加水体溶解氧浓度,创造好氧环境,降解有机污染物.同时,给藻类的上一营养级轮虫创造优势好氧环境,使其大量繁殖,吃掉藻类,恢复生态系统食物链,恢复局部生态平衡.实际测试结果表明,COD最大去除率达到72.4%,对氨氮、磷也有一定的去除率;除藻效果良好.湖水循环区域藻类最大去除率超过93%;经济高效.直接运行费用低,仅为0.15元/m~3.     

Temporal and spatial variations of low-molecular-weight organic acids in Dianchi Lake, China

Low-molecular-weight organic acids (LMWOAs) in eutrophic lake water of Dianchi, Southwestern China Plateau were investigated diurnally and vertically using ion chromatography. Two profiles (P1 and P2) were studied due to the difference of hydrochemical features. Lactic, formic, pyruvic and oxalic acid were detected as major components at P1 and P2 which were on average 7.98 and 6.53 mol/L, respectively, corresponding to their proportions of 2.68% and 2.48% relative to DOC. Pyruvic acid was regarded as the uppermost species at P1 and P2, reaching up to 3.82 and 3.35 mol/L and accounting for 47.9% and 51.3%, respectively, in individual TOA. Although humus were of biogenetic production at both sites, the significant negative correlation between diurnal variations of TOAs, fluorescence intensity (FI) of protein-like components and humic-like components at P1 indicated LMWOAs were greatly originated from bacterioplankton excretion and degradation. However, correlations between diurnal variations of humic-like FI and physicochemical parameters demonstrated algal origination of LMWOAs at P2. Although content of humus was high, TOA at P2 was 1.45 mol/L lower than that at P1, due to the co-influence of more intense photo-oxidation and aggregation at P2. Therefore, TOAs exhibited quite opposite diurnal variation trends of increasing-decreasing and decreasing-increasing at P1 and P2, respectively. Except for impact of solar radiation, bacterial decomposition and assimilation rendered shifts of maximal LMWOAs along water column at P1. Covering with massive algae, UV rays penetrated shallower depth that LMWOAs assembled in surface layer water before 18:00 at P2 and represented decreasing profiles.     

巢湖藻类遥感监测和气象因子分析

利用多年的卫星遥感资料,在对巢湖藻类进行监测的基础上,分析巢湖藻类爆发的时空分布规律,分析结果表明巢湖藻类夏秋两季爆发频繁,在空间上爆发主要发生在巢湖的西半湖。同时,通过分析藻类爆发期间气象观测资料,发现与巢湖藻类爆发相关的气象因子主要有气温、风速和降水。     

基于浮游细菌生物完整性指数的河流生态系统健康评价——以滇池流域为例

生物完整性指数(IBI)已被广泛运用于河流生态系统的健康评价中.然而,现存的IBI缺少基于分解者的评价方法.因此,基于浮游细菌的T-RFLP结果,通过对关键环境因子与候选生物参数的筛选和确定,建立浮游细菌生物完整性指数(BP-IBI)评价体系,对滇池流域入湖河流生态系统健康状况进行评价.评价结果表明,作为参照点的11个滇池流域入湖河流水源地或上游出水口样点健康状况为Ⅰ级健康(8个)或Ⅱ级亚健康(3个),27个下游入湖口样点健康状况分别为Ⅰ级健康(4个)、Ⅱ级亚健康(14个)、Ⅲ级一般(7个)和Ⅳ级较差(2个),无V级极差点.对BP-IBI的可行性验证结果表明,与底栖IBI、着生藻IBI和综合污染指数相比,BP-IBI结果能够更好地反映各主要环境因子、不同土地利用方式以及上游的来水方式对生态系统的影响,对退化生态系统的健康状况具有良好的表征作用.因此,BP-IBI是评价受损河流生态系统健康的一种良好方法.     

升温过程对藻类复苏和群落演替的影响

采用模拟升温方法培养太湖的冬季底泥,培养温度从5.5~30℃设计为8个水平,在各温度水平显微观察藻类群落组成,计算比生长速率,同时采用荧光法分析光合色素的浓度变化.结果表明,绿藻和硅藻在9℃时开始复苏,蓝藻在12.5℃开始复苏.虽然蓝藻复苏较晚,但是蓝藻复苏后的比生长速率高于绿藻和硅藻.12.5℃以后,藻类群落主要由蓝藻、绿藻、硅藻组成.在12.5℃和16℃时绿藻占优势;蓝藻在19.5℃以后占优势.叶绿素a浓度在9℃和16℃均明显升高,而藻蓝素浓度仅在16℃时明显升高.光合色素浓度的升高与绿藻和硅藻的复苏同步进行,但滞后于蓝藻的复苏.     

着生藻类群落在黄浦江水质监测中的应用

在分析黄浦江不同断面水质理化指标的基础上，从着生藻类群落中的优势种、两类多样性指数等参数的变动状况，分析不同断面的水质对参照点着生藻类群落的影响。生物多样性指数、硅藻指数与水质级别关系分析表明，除部分次数的实验相关性不好外，基本能反映水质相对级别的差异，且季节性数值差异较小。研究指出：在了解参照点水质的情况下，可以通过对参照点藻类群落的室内测试来定性或者定量监测同一河流水质生态环境的综合状况，较之野外生态调查，可以节省大量的工作量。     

高等水生植物对藻类生长的克制效应

本文综述了高等水生植物对藻类生长的克制效应的机理研究概况，及国内外最新的抑藻物质提取、分离、鉴定方法，并对其在水体富营养化治理方面的应用前景作了进一步概述。     

光照对湖泊沉积物磷释放及磷形态变化的影响研究

将采自太湖的沉积物移至实验室内进行磷释放模拟实验.通过对水-沉积物界面在不同照度下的磷释放趋势研究发现,照度与水-沉积物界面的磷释放量有明显的负相关性.而藻类计数的结果表明,照度与底栖藻类生物量存在正相关性.由此可以推断,光照对沉积物磷释放的影响主要表现为受照度控制生长的底栖藻类吸收沉积物中释放的磷,阻挡其进入上覆水中.不同照度下pH变化的研究结果表明,pH的升高趋势随照度的增强而升高,稳定后的水体偏碱性.通过对在不同照度下沉积物中总磷及磷形态变化规律研究发现沉积物中总磷减少量表现为无光＞中照度＞高照度;沉积物中磷出现无机态减少,有机态增加的现象;照度越高,沉积物中NaOH-P(Fe(Al)-P)减少量与HCl-P(Ca-P)减少量的比例越大.     

Spatial and temporal variations of two cyanobacteria in the mesotrophic Miyun reservoir, China

Spatial variations in phytoplankton community within a large mesotrophic reservoir （Miyun reservoir, North China） were investigated in relation to variations in physico-chemical properties, nutrient concentrations, temperature and light conditions over a 5 month period in 2009. The dynamics of phytoplankton community was represented by the dominance of cyanobacteria through summer and fall, following with a short term dominance of chlorophyta in late fall, and a relatively high abundance of diatom in October; on the other hand, maximum phytoplankton biomass was recorded in the north shallow region of Miyun reservoir with a higher nutrients level. Particular attention was paid to the impacts of environmental conditions on the growth of two cyanobacteria genera, the toxin-producing Microcystis and the taste ＆ odor-producing Oscillatoria. Microcystis biomass was in general greatly affected by water temperature and mixing depth/local water depth ratio in this reservoir, while the Oscillatoria biomass in the surface and middle layers was greatly affected by total dissolved phosphorus, and that in the bottom layer was related with the Secchi depth/local water depth ratio. Abundant Oscillatoria biomass was observed only in late September when Microcystis biomass decreased and allowed sufficient light go through.     

二氧化氯预氧化对藻类絮体形态的影响

针对高含藻高含盐杨埕水库原水藻类特征,采用聚合氯化铝(PAC)、硫酸铝(AS)、聚合硫酸铁(PFS)和氯化铁(FC)4种混凝剂进行混凝除藻试验,用图像法对藻类絮体的分形维数进行测定,分析混凝剂种类及投量、二氧化氯投加量等因素对混凝除藻效果及藻类絮体形态的影响。结果表明,杨埕水库夏季藻类种属相对较为单一,以小型色球藻、微小平裂藻、不整齐蓝纤维藻为优势藻类;4种混凝剂的除藻性能优劣依次为:AS>PAC>PFS>AC。在AS最佳投加量(以Al2SO4计)70 mg/L下,藻类的去除率为85.3%。此时,杨埕水库夏季藻类以藻类絮体分形维数值为1.54,形成的絮体密实且沉降性好。以AS为混凝剂,投加量为70 mg/L下,二氧化氯投加量为0.8 mg/L时助凝效果最好,藻类的去除率比单独投加AS时提高了6.3%,藻类絮体分形维数值为1.71,形成的藻类絮体更加密实。二氧化氯过量投加无益于藻类去除。