稀土对低浓度硫化氢液相催化氧化净化效率的影响

采用液相催化氧化法净化低浓度H2S,系统研究了反应温度、pH值及助催化剂--稀土(La、Ce)的加入量对吸收液净化效率和硫容量的影响.结果显示,在优化的实验条件下(原料气H2S浓度720～920mg·m-3、反应温度60℃、pH=9.0、Fe3+浓度0.05mol·L-1、吸收液体积50mL)添加表面恬性剂磺基水杨酸和稀土助催化剂后.吸收液具有较高的净化效率(98%以上)和较大的硫容量(4g·L-1以上).     

Electrochemical incineration of dimethyl phthalate by anodic oxidation with boron-doped diamond electrode

The anodic oxidation of aqueous solutions containing dimethyl phthalate (DMP) up to 125 mg/L with sodium sulfate (Na2SO4) as supporting electrolyte within the pH range 2.0–10.0 was studied using a one-compartment batch reactor employing a boron-doped diamond (BDD) as anode. Electrolyses were carried out at constant current density (1.5–4.5 mA/cm2). Complete mineralization was always achieved owing to the great concentration of hydroxyl radical (.OH) generated at the BDD surface. The e ects of pH, apparent current density and initial DMP concentration on the degradation rate of DMP, the specific charge required for its total mineralization and mineralization current e ciency were investigated systematically. The mineralization rate of DMP was found to be pH-independent and to increase with increasing applied current density. Results indicated that this electrochemical process was subjected, at least partially, to the mass transfer of organics onto the BDD surface. Kinetic analysis of the temporal change of DMP concentration during electrolysis determined by High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) revealed that DMP decay under all tested conditions followed a pseudo first-order reaction. Aromatic intermediates and generated carboxylic acids were identified by Gas Chromatography- Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) and a general pathway for the electrochemical incineration of DMP on BDD was proposed.     

液相脉冲高压放电催化降解二甲基亚砜的研究

研究了液相脉冲高压放电Fenton催化对二甲基亚砜(dimethyl sulfoxide,DMSO)的降解.自制了脉冲上升前沿400 ns、放电重复率96.2 Hz、峰值电压20 kV的脉冲高压系统,它驱动液相高压放电发生.对脉冲高压电极侧壁做了绝缘以考察新型电极对单脉冲功率的影响.溶液电导率对液相高压放电H2O2产率和DMSO降解的影响及Fe(Ⅱ)和O2流量对液相高压放电DMSO降解的影响进行了考察,对液相高压放电Fenton催化降解DMSO的产物浓度、产物选择性随高压放电时间的变化也进行了研究.结果表明,新型电极的单脉冲功率随电导率增加有一极限值;溶液电导率和O2流量对DMSO降解起阻碍作用;Fe(Ⅱ)对DMSO降解起Fenton催化作用;液相高压放电Fenton催化降解DMSO的降解率在高压放电45min时为80%,可生化性至少提高32%~48%,最大能量效率按G37%计为0.008 7 mol/(kW.h).并对DMSO降解机制做了探讨.本研究显示了液相等离子体联用催化剂处理有机污染物的良好效果.     

Enantioselective separation and zebrafish embryo toxicity of insecticide beta-cypermethrin

Enantioselectivity of chiral pollutants is receiving growing concern due to the difference in toxicology and environment fate between enantiomers.In this study,enantiomers of insecticide beta-cypermethrin (beta-CP) were separated on selected chiral column by HPLC,and the toxicity of enantiomers was evaluated using the zebrafish embryo-larval assays.The enantiomers of beta-CP were baseline separated on Chiralcel OD and Chiralpak AD columns and detected by circular dichroism (CD) at 236 nm.Better separation could be achieved at lower temperature (e.g.,20°C) and with lower levels of polar modifiers.Pure enantiomers were obtained on Chiralcel OD.The CD spectra of enantiomers were recorded.By comparing the elution order with a previous similar study,the absolute configuration of beta-CP enantiomers was determined.The individual enantiomers were used in zebrafish embryo test,and the results showed that beta-CP enantioselectively induced yolk sac edema,pericardial edema and crooked body.The 1R-cis-αS and 1R-trans-αS enantiomers showed strong developmental toxicities at concentration of 0.1 mg/L,while the 1S-cis-αR and 1S-trans-αR induced no malformations at higher concentration (e.g.,0.3 mg/L).The results suggest that the enantioselective toxicological effects of beta-CP should be considered when evaluating its ecotoxicological effects.     

气相色谱法分析环境空气中糠醛

采用活性炭采样管吸附环境空气中的糠醛,以CS2解析,用Rtx-WAX毛细管柱分离,氢火焰离子化检测器检测,气相色谱仪测定。方法最低检出质量浓度糠醛0.006mg/m3,加标回收率在90%以上,方法安全,简单灵敏,分离度好,检出限低。     

一种实验室高温液相色谱方法的构建

高温液相色谱(High temperature liquid chromatography,HTLC)是一种操作温度在常温以上,通过改变温度来对分析仪器进行调节的液相色谱分析方法。实验采用接触预热法,检测器后设置阻尼阀的方式,通过在色谱柱后及检测器前直接设置冷却管的方式构建了分离效率高、峰容量大及可采用高黏度溶剂为流动相的HTLC系统。     

高效液相色谱法测定工业废水中邻苯二胺

通过实验建立了工业废水中邻苯二胺的高效液相色谱分析方法.采用Kromasii-C18(150mm×4.6mm,5μm)色谱柱,流速1 mL/min,柱温30 ℃,进样体积10μL,流动相为V(甲醇):V(0.01 mol/L醋酸铵溶液)=35:65,测定波长290 nm.结果线性范围为:1-100 mg/L,平均加标回收率为101.2%,相对标准偏差为0.75%.     

气相色谱法测定地表水中的甲基汞

采用气相色谱法测定地表水中的甲基汞.样品前处理采用巯基棉大量吸附样品中的甲基汞,富集倍数大、操作程序简单快速.色谱条件优化如下:毛细管色谱柱DB-1701,柱温为160℃,进样口温度为220℃,ECD检测器温度为250℃,尾吹(N2)60mL/min,流速为1.0mL/min,分流比为10∶1.测定结果表明,甲基汞的峰形尖锐,响应灵敏度高;取5L水样时最低检出限为0.1 ng/L,加标样品测定的相对标准偏差(RSD)为6.6%,回收率为64.0%～78.4%.测定结果显示,该方法具有简便、快捷、准确、灵敏、重现性好等特点.     

锰离子催化臭氧液相烟气脱硫实验研究

对Mn2+催化臭氧(O3)液相氧化脱除二氧化硫(SO2)进行了实验研究,以揭示Mn2+对臭氧液相氧化SO2的影响.采用标准碘量法测定了O3浓度曲线.实验比较了添加Mn2+前后吸收液对SO2的脱除效率,并研究了O3与SO2摩尔比([O3]/[SO2])、Mn2+浓度对SO2脱除效率的影响.在[O3]/[SO2]=0.5、未添加Mn2+时O3对SO2的氧化效率为35%,而添加Mn2+后的氧化效率达到70%.随着[O3]/[SO2]的增大,SO2脱除效率逐渐增加,而且脱除效率也随Mn2+浓度的增加而增加,合适的Mn2+浓度范围为1.2×10-2~1.2×10-1mol/L.     

饮用水源水中吡啶实用检测方法-直接进水样气相色谱法

建立了直接进水样气相色谱法洲定饮用水源水中吡啶的分析方法.选择氮磷检测器测定,吡啶质量浓度在0.1～5.0mg/L范围内有良好的线形关系,相关系数0.9999,检出限为0.03 mg/L.5个加标回收样品的相对标准偏差分别为4.91,4.10;回收率范围为81%～107%.实验证明其方法的准确性精密度良好、灵敏度高、干扰小,符合GB 3838-2002<地表水环境质量标准>的要求.与推荐方法相比具有操作简便快速、环保安全等优点.