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61.
62.
现代生产与生活的废弃物给环境带来了越来越多的污染,其中危害最大的莫过于致变、致畸、致癌的“三致”物质,如何快速、简便、可靠地筛选或监测环境中的”三致”物质是环境保护工作中一项极有意义的工作. 相似文献
63.
SO2是硫酸厂、冶炼厂和火力发电厂等厂矿及其周围环境最常见的大气污染物之一。虽然有的研究者曾设想SO2可能引起细胞染色体改变甚至诱发癌症,但有关SO2引起细胞染色体损伤效应的研究甚少。近年来,Nordenson等曾报道,接触SO2的工人其外周血淋巴细胞染色体畸变率增高。目前多数学者认为染色体断裂后遗留下来的无着丝粒断片可在细胞分裂后期仍留在细胞质中而形成微核,加之微核测定又是比染色体畸变分析较为简单、快速的细胞遗传学方法,故国际致突物和致癌物防护委员会(ICPEMC)将此项技术列为致突致癌研究的必测项目之一。 相似文献
64.
Among all the 209 kinds of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) congeners, nonplanar and coplanar PCB congeners have di erent levels
of toxicity on mammal cells such as neuronal cells, but little is known about their toxicity on fish cells although PCB congeners usually
have high bioaccumulation abilities in the detected fish bodies. This study showed that 2,2’,4,4’,5,5’-hexacholorbiphenyl (PCB153,
nonplanar congener) and 3,3’,4,4’,5,5’-hexacholorbiphenyl (PCB169, coplanar congener) caused apoptosis on the isolated crucian carp
(Carassius auratus) lymphocytes and the induced cytotoxicity was structure-dependent. According to the laser confocal microscope
observations, apoptosis was clearly distinguished by condensation of nucleus, shrinkage and formation of apoptotic bodies. DNA
fragmentation was detected by agarose gel electrophoresis. These typical morphological and biochemical characteristics indicate the
occurrence of apoptosis on fish lymphocytes. According to the flow cytometry analysis, after the cells were exposed to 10 mol/L
PCBs for 3 h, the apoptotic percentage induced by PCB153 was 23.41%, while that induced by PCB169 was even higher (31.03%).
Furthermore, incubating PCBs with fish lymphocytes enhanced levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and malondialdehyde (MDA),
clearly indicating the presence of oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation. Our data also demonstrate that the di erent cytotoxic e ects
induced by coplanar and nonplanar PCBs were correlated with their structural characteristics and the coplanar congener was more
cytotoxic than nonplanar congener. This study suggests that cytotoxicity mechanisms of the PCB congeners on fish lymphocytes
depend on their planarity and chemical structures. 相似文献