Enzyme extraction by ultrasound from sludge flocs

Enzymes play essential roles in the biological processes of sludge treatment. In this article, the ultrasound method to extract enzymes from sludge flocs was presented. Results showed that using ultrasound method at 20 kHz could extract more types of enzymes than that ultrasound at 40 kHz and ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA) methods. The optimum parameters of ultrasound extraction at 20 kHz were duration of 10 min and power of 480 W. Under the condition, ultrasound could break the cells and extract both the extracellular and intercellular enzymes. Ultrasound power was apparently more susceptive to enzyme extraction than duration, suggesting that the control of power during ultrasound extraction was more important than that of duration. The Pearson correlation analysis between enzyme activities and cation contents revealed that the different types of enzymes had distinct cation binding characteristics.     

Degradation of o-chloronitrobenzene as the sole carbon and nitrogen sources by Pseudomonas putida OCNB-1

A bacterial strain that utilized o-chloronitrobenzene(o-CNB) as the sole carbon,nitrogen and energy sources was isolated from an activated sludge collected from an industrial waste treatment plant. It was identified as Pseudomonas putida based on its morphology,physiological,and biochemical characteristics with an automatic biometrical system and the 16S rRNA sequence analysis. Microcosm study showed that the biodegradation of o-CNB was optimized at culture medium pH 8.0 and 32°C. At these conditions,the st...     

南海海港疏浚淤泥悬浮物对海洋动物的急性毒性效应

为评价海港疏浚淤泥对倾倒海区海洋动物的影响,对疏浚淤泥悬浮相进行了生物急性毒性试验。研究结果表明：疏浚淤泥悬浮相对浮游甲壳类的致毒效应明显。22.0～24.0℃试验水温时,悬浮相对卤虫无节幼体和浮游挠足类的急性毒性试验结果分别为：96hLC₅₀为71.6mg/L（卤虫无节幼体）,48hLC₅₀为61.3mg/L（浮游挠足类）。低浓度和低温时,悬浮相对前鳞鲻（Mugilophuyseni）幼鱼的致毒效应不明显。随温度的升高,毒性效应亦增强。试验水温为18.8～20.0℃时,悬浮相对前鳞鲻幼鱼24h和96hLC₅₀分别为5801.3mg/L和5045.5mg/L;而当试验水温升至22.0～24.0℃时,悬浮相对前鳞鲻幼鱼24、48、72、96hLC₅₀分别为1996.4、769.9、592.8及556.3mg/L。     

Electrokinetic removal of chromium and copper from contaminated soils by lactic acid enhancement in the catholyte

The electrokinetic removal of chromium and copper from contaminated soils by adding lactic acid in cathode chamber as an enhancing reagent was evaluated. Two sets of duplicate experiments with chromium contaminated kaolinite and with a silty soil sampled from a supeffund site in Califomia of USA and polluted by Cr and Cu, were carried out in a constant current mode. Changes of soil water content and soil pH before and after the electrokinetic experiments, and variations of voltage drop and electroosmosis flow during the treatments were examined. The results indicated that Cr, spiked as Cr(Ⅵ) in the kaolinite, was accumulated mainly in the anode chamber, and some of Cr and metal hydroxides precipitated in the soil sections in contact with the cathode, which significantly increased electrical energy consumption. Treatment of the soil collected from the site showed accumulation of large amounts of Cr and Cu in the anode chamber while none was detected in the cathode one. The results suggested that the two metals either complexed with the injected lactic acid at the cathode or existed as negatively charged complex, and electromigrated toward the anode under a voltage gradient.     

养殖海湾淤泥质海岸沉积物微塑料污染特征

微塑料污染是当前环境领域广泛关注的前沿问题,海洋环境介质微塑料污染广为报道,但深层沉积物中微塑料污染特征如何却鲜见报道.基于此,在典型养殖海域海州湾附近淤泥质海岸设置3个采样点,分析沉积物柱状样中微塑料污染特征.结果表明,该研究区域沉积物中微塑料丰度为（0.12 ± 0.07）n·g^-1,处于中等污染水平.沉积物柱状样中微塑料总和是表层5 cm沉积物中微塑料丰度的3.43~6.00倍.沉积物柱状样中微塑料丰度展现区域差异性,不同深度的沉积物中微塑料丰度不存在显著性差异,但随深度增加呈指数减少.沉积物含水率、深度和微塑料之间的关系表明,沉积物中微塑料丰度与沉积物物理性质有关.透明和黑色微塑料在各站位占比均最高,纤维是沉积物中最常见的微塑料形态,粒径小的微塑料占主体,微塑料材质的密度均不妨碍其出现在沉积物中.微塑料污染特征在不同深度沉积物中变化较大.     

Sorption of biodegradation end products of nonylphenol polyethoxylates onto activated sludge

IntroductionRecently ,nonylphenolpolyethoxylates (NPnEO (n :numberofethoxyunits(EOs) )havebecomeaproblematicissueforthereasonthatthesecompounds,animportantgroupofnonionicsurfactants ,havebeenusedwidelyinvariousindustriesasflocculants,dispersants,emulsifie…     

淤泥优势菌对手性农药2,4-滴丙酸甲酯的对映体选择性降解

考察了手性农药2,4-滴丙酸甲酯(DCPPM)生物降解过程中的对映体选择性,通过驯化、培养分离了1株对其具有降解能力的菌株DP,并且运用手性毛细管气相色谱测定了DCPPM在降解过程中的对映体分数(EF),评价了DCPPM在水相中的对映体选择性生物降解.研究表明在菌株DP接种过的介质中,2个对映异构体均被迅速降解,但是R型DCPPM的逸散速度明显快于相对应的S型;EF值发生了显著的偏离,从一开始的0.5变化到最后的1.证实了该菌种对DCPPM的降解存在着对映体选择性.     

废弃口罩加筋固化土的强度特性与破坏模式北大核心CSCD

新冠疫情防控消耗大量一次性口罩,口罩废弃物处置量大、环境环保要求高;高含水率淤泥水泥固化土并作路基填料是解决路基优质填料来源难、价格高等问题的重要途径之一。提出利用废弃口罩加筋高含水率淤泥固化土并作路基填料的解决思路,以水泥为固化剂、以废弃口罩为加筋材料,实测不同废弃口罩掺量、尺寸及龄期条件下废弃口罩加筋水泥固化土的无侧限抗压强度值,探讨废弃口罩掺量、尺寸及龄期等因素对水泥固化土的加筋效果,以及废弃口罩加筋对水泥固化土破坏模式的影响规律。研究结果表明,废弃口罩适用于加筋高含水率淤泥水泥固化土,本文试验条件下废弃口罩的最佳掺量约为0.5%,无侧限抗压强度值提高约87.5%。废弃口罩加筋水泥固化土的无侧限抗压强度应力-应变曲线呈软化型,且废弃口罩的加筋作用提高了试样的抗变形能力;废弃口罩加筋水泥固化土呈现一定的塑性破坏特征。     

复合固化剂固化淤泥的耐久性和稳定性研究

为解决水泥对含有机质和重金属污染物的淤泥固化效果不佳的问题,提出采用水泥、生石灰、高铁酸钾和高分子吸水树脂作为复合固化剂对淤泥进行固化处理的方法。通过干湿循环试验和渗出液试验,从固化淤泥平均累计相对质量损失率、无侧限抗压强度和固化淤泥渗出液中重金属离子浓度等指标的变化,探究了复合固化剂对固化淤泥耐久性和稳定性的影响。试验结果表明:增加水泥掺量在一定程度上能提高固化淤泥的强度、改善固化淤泥的耐久性和固化淤泥中重金属的稳定性,但仅掺入水泥难以达到理想的固化效果;而掺入复合固化剂的固化淤泥,在干湿循环作用下能保证整体的完整性,其平均累计相对质量损失率仅为3.89%,无侧限抗压强度相比28d养护的试样提高了4.1%;在渗流作用下,掺入复合固化剂的固化淤泥末次渗出液中未检出Pb离子,而Cu、Zn离子的浓度仅为初次渗出液中的15.24%和2.25%,表明复合固化剂克服了因化淤泥体系酸碱度变化的影响,通过包裹作用和络合作用稳定了淤泥中的重金属离子,有效地降低了固化淤泥渗出液中Cu、Zn、Pb离子的浓度。     

Degradation of phenol in an upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactor at ambient temperature

IntroductionPhenolistherawmaterialforthecommercialproductionofawidevarietyofresins ,includingphenolicresinsasconstructionmaterialsforautomobilesandappliances,expoxyresinsasadhesives ,andpolyamideforvariousapplications.Inaddition ,phenolsareoftenfoundinwas…